Effects of feed particle size, calcium concentration and phytase supplementation on InsP degradation in broiler chickens fed pelleted diets.

1. The objective of the trial was to study the single and interactive effects of feed particle size in pelleted feed, dietary calcium (Ca) concentration and microbial phytase supplementation in broiler chickens. The studied traits were -inositol (1,2,3,4,5,6) hexakis (dihydrogen phosphate) (InsP) degradation, pre-caecal digestibility of phosphorus (P), Ca and amino acids (AA) and retention of P, Ca and nitrogen (N).

Responses of the blood acid-base balance and blood plasma metabolomics of broiler chickens after change to diets with high free amino acid levels.

Free amino acids (AA) are needed to fulfill the AA requirements of broiler chickens in diets low in CP. This study investigated whether the acid-base balance and the blood plasma metabolome are affected immediately after a change to diets with high free AA levels. Male broiler chickens received a starter diet with 164 g CP/kg and 80 g soy protein isolate/kg until d 7 post-hatch.

Effects of carriers for oils in compound feeds on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut microbiota in broiler chickens.

Carrier materials for oils in compound feeds may be used in animal nutrition to supply liquid feed additives. However, implications of such carriers for the digestibility of the contained oil are unknown. This study investigated the potential of oil carriers in compound feed and their effect on performance, metabolizable energy, fatty acid (FA) retention, amino acid (AA) digestibility, and gut microbiota in broiler chickens.

Investigation on adaptations of broiler chickens to high dietary free amino acid levels in nitrogen utilisation and plasma amino acid concentrations.

1. A reduction in crude protein (CP) in feed for broiler chickens necessitates elevated free amino acid (AA) levels to meet the requirement of each AA. This study investigated adaptations following a change to diets with increasing free AA concentrations and possible reasons for the limitation caused by the inclusion of more free AA.

True mineral digestibility in C57Bl/6J mice.

Data on mineral digestibility is key to understand mineral homeostasis and refine the recommendations for the dietary intake of these nutrients. In farm animals and pets, there is plenty of data on mineral digestibility and influencing factors. In laboratory mice, however, there is a lack of information on mineral digestibility under maintenance conditions, although this should be the basis for studies on mineral homeostasis under experimental conditions.

The influence of substituting dietary peptide-bound with free amino acids on nitrogen metabolism and acid-base balance of broiler chickens depends on asparagine and glutamine supply.

Reducing dietary crude protein (CP) concentration while maintaining adequate amino acid (AA) supply by free AA inclusion can contribute to attenuate the negative environmental effects of animal farming. This study investigated upper limits of dietary free AA inclusions without undesirable effects including the dependence on asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln) supply. Ten broilers were allocated to sixty-three metabolism units each and offered nine experimental diets from day (d) 7-21 ( 7).

Amino acid digestibility of insect meals and effects on key bacterial groups in excreta of caecectomised laying hens.

The chemical composition and amino acids (AA) digestibility were determined in insect meals from mealworms, crickets, black soldier fly (BSF) larvae and BSF prepupae, and soybean meal. Six caecectomised laying hens were individually housed in metabolism cages and fed either a basal diet or one of five assay diets. Diets and hens were arranged in a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 6 subsequent periods.

Research Note: Influence of monocalcium phosphate and phytase in the diet on phytate degradation in cecectomized laying hens.

This study investigated the effects of phytase and monocalcium phosphate supplementation on the dephosphorylation of phytic acid [myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis (dihydrogen phosphate); InsP] in cecectomized laying hens using total excreta collection. Four corn-soybean meal-rapeseed meal-based diets were mixed with or without 6 g of monocalcium phosphate/kg, with or without supplementation of 1,500 FTU phytase/kg, and had the same calcium concentration at 39 g/kg of feed. Each diet was tested in 5 replicates using a row-column design with 10 cecectomized laying hens in 2 periods.

Phytase Supplementation Effects on Amino Acid Digestibility in Broiler Chickens are Influenced by Dietary Calcium Concentrations but not by Acid-Binding Capacity.

Background: Responses to dietary calcium (Ca) and supplemented phytase on prececal amino acid digestibility (pcAAD) in broiler chickens vary among studies. The variation may arise from the dietary acid-binding capacity (ABC) that influences the activity of enzymes in the digestive tract and from microbial activity.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether the ABC influences phytase effects on pcAAD and whether microbial activity contributes to this.

Meta-analysis-based estimates of efficiency of calcium utilisation by ruminants.

The most abundant mineral in the body of animals is Ca, which has crucial importance for the regulation of various processes. The maintenance of Ca balance has become more challenging, especially in lactating ruminants, owing to the increased milk yields and thus Ca requirement. To determine the Ca requirement, factors such as Ca secretion via milk or Ca deposition in body tissues and conception products are summed up to the net Ca requirement.

Amino acid digestibility and metabolisable energy of spring and winter faba beans grown on two sites and effects of dehulling in caecectomised laying hens.

Background: The variation in amino acid (AA) digestibility and metabolisable energy (ME ) in four spring and four winter faba bean genotypes differing in vicine/convicine (V/C) concentrations grown on two sites was investigated in caecectomised LSL-Classic laying hens. Effects of dehulling one faba bean genotype were also examined. Diets containing one out of 17 faba bean variants each and a basal diet were fed to ten caecectomised laying hens in a row-column design to achieve five replicates per diet.

Relative phytase efficacy values as affected by response traits, including ileal microbiota composition.

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of graded inclusions of 2 phytase products and a mineral P source in broiler chickens using different response traits, including ileum microbiota composition. Eleven experimental diets were used. These were a low-P basal diet and diets supplemented with increasing levels of dicalcium phosphate (DCP), Natuphos E 5000 G (NE), or Natuphos 5000 G (N).

Effects of calcium level and source, formic acid, and phytase on phytate degradation and the microbiota in the digestive tract of broiler chickens.

Background: Diet acidification, dietary calcium (Ca) level, and phytase supplementation are known influences on the microbial community in the digestive tract and on phosphorus (P) utilization of broiler chickens. Effects of dietary factors and microbiota on P utilization may be linked because microorganisms produce enzymes that release P from phytate (InsP), the main source of P in plant feedstuffs. This study aimed to detect linkages between microbiota and InsP degradation by acidifying diets (i.

Effect of low-temperature drying on the nitrogenous compounds and inositol phosphates in broiler chickens and cecectomized laying hen excreta.

We investigated how the chemical composition of broiler chicken and cecectomized laying hen excreta is affected by drying in a forced-air drying chamber at low temperatures. Excreta that was immediately frozen after voiding provided the reference values. The excreta were dried in drying chambers for 4 hr, 6 hr, and 12 hr at 23°C or 33°C in the broiler experiment and 19°C or 29°C in the cecectomized laying hen experiment.

Effects of supplemented nonessential amino acids and nonprotein nitrogen on growth and nitrogen excretion characteristics of broiler chickens fed diets with very low crude protein concentrations.

Reducing dietary CP for broiler chickens below a certain threshold results in decreased growth, even when the supply of essential amino acids and glycine equivalent (Gly) is adequate, probably because other nonessential amino acids (neAA) are growth-limiting. Nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) might be used for the synthesis of neAA. Therefore, the effects of specific neAA and ammonium chloride (NHCl) supplementation on the growth and N-excretion characteristics of broiler chickens were investigated.

Interactive Effects of Glycine Equivalent, Cysteine, and Choline on Growth Performance, Nitrogen Excretion Characteristics, and Plasma Metabolites of Broiler Chickens Using Neural Networks Optimized with Genetic Algorithms.

Responses of broiler chickens to dietary glycine equivalent (Gly) are affected by dietary cysteine and choline. Hence, this study investigated interactive effects among dietary Gly, cysteine, and choline on the growth of broiler chickens. Male Ross 308 broiler chickens were maintained in 105 metabolism units (10 birds/unit) from days 7 to 22.

Phytase supplementation effects on amino acid digestibility depend on the protein source in the diet but are not related to InsP degradation in broiler chickens.

The objective was to determine phytase effects on prececal amino acid (AA) digestibility and phytate (InsP) breakdown when different oilseed meals were used in broiler chicken diets. The study included 14 diets: a corn-soybean meal (SBM) basal diet and 6 diets that contained SBM, rapeseed meal (RSM), and sunflower meal (SFM) with 2 inclusion levels at the expense of corn starch (150 and 300 g/kg SBM or SFM, or 100 and 200 g/kg RSM). Each diet was mixed with or without a phytase supplement of 1,500 FTU/kg.

Evaluation of analytical and statistical approaches for predicting in vitro nitrogen solubility and in vivo pre-caecal crude protein digestibility of cereal grains in growing pigs.

Different analytical (enzyme system and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)) and statistical (single and multiple regressions) approaches were used to predict in vivo standardized pre-caecal digestibility (PCD) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in cereal grains for growing pigs as well as in vitro nitrogen (N) solubility. Furthermore, different chemical and physical characteristics were categorized (e.g.

Effect of microbial phytase supplementation on P digestibility in pigs: a meta-analysis.

The objectives of this meta-analysis were to determine to which extent phosphorus (P) digestibility and digestible P concentration in pig diets were increased by phytase supplementation and to quantify factors that potentially influence effects of phytase supplementation. A data set with a total of 547 data lines was compiled from 88 experiments published in 74 peer-reviewed papers between 2007 and April 2019. An exponential model was determined as more suitable to describe the response of P digestibility to phytase supplementation than a polynomial model.

Prececal amino acid digestibility and phytate degradation in broiler chickens when using different oilseed meals, phytase and protease supplements in the feed.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of phytase and protease supplementation on prececal (pc) amino acid (AA) digestibility, phytate (InsP6) degradation, and MEn concentration in diets using 3 oilseed meals as main protein sources in broiler chicken feed. The broiler chicken diets, which lacked mineral phosphorus, contained either soybean meal (SBM), SBM and rapeseed meal (SBM/RSM), or SBM and sunflower meal (SBM/SFM) as main protein sources. Diets were not supplemented with enzymes or supplemented with 1,500 or 3,000 FTU phytase/kg, or with 1,600 mg protease/kg.

Very Low Crude Protein and Varying Glycine Concentrations in the Diet Affect Growth Performance, Characteristics of Nitrogen Excretion, and the Blood Metabolome of Broiler Chickens.

Background: The minimum to which dietary crude protein (CP) level for broiler chickens can be reduced without decreasing growth and the glycine equivalent (Glyequi) concentration required are not known. The plasma metabolome might reflect dietary influences on physiological processes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 3 low CP levels with 4 Glyequi concentrations on growth and characteristics of nitrogen excretion, and to identify plasma metabolome variations.

The relevance of glycine and serine in poultry nutrition: a review.

1. Dietary glycine equivalents (Gly) for glycine and serine represent the first-limiting non-essential amino acid in poultry diets. Targeted adjustment of essential amino acids and Gly in diets can considerably decrease crude protein (CP) in poultry diets below the limit of CP reduction when only essential amino acids are adjusted.

Effects of protease and phytase supplements on small intestinal microbiota and amino acid digestibility in broiler chickens.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of protease origin and dosage on the prececal (pc) amino acid (AA) digestibility and the influence on composition of the microbial community in the small intestine. In addition, the effects of phytase supplementation were investigated. A total of 8 dietary treatments were included.

Effect of amino acid deficiency on precaecal amino acid digestibility in broiler chickens.

In this study, we determined whether deficient dietary amino acid (AA) concentrations influence the precaecal (pc) AA digestibility when determined using the regression approach. We mixed two basal diets. Basal diet 1 was deficient in essential AAs, whereas adequate AA concentrations were ensured in basal diet 2 by adding free AAs.