Possibilities of Interpreting the Night-to-Day Ratio Specified by 24-Hour Blood Pressure Monitoring.

Aim: Specify the risk rate of incorrect patient classification based on the night-to-day ratio specification from singular 24-h ABPM in comparison to the results of 7-day ABPM monitoring.

Materials And Methods: 1197 24 h cycles were enrolled in 171 subjects in the study and divided into 4 groups: group 1 (40 healthy men and women without exercise), group 2 (40 healthy exercise-training men and women), group 3 (40 patients with ischemic coronary artery disease without exercise), and group 4 (51 patients with ischemic coronary artery disease following cardiovascular rehabilitation). The subject of the evaluation was the percentage rate of incorrect subject classification (dipper, nondipper, extreme dipper, and riser) based on the mean blood pressure values for 7 days and from seven independent 24-hour cycles (the mean value mode).

Hypertension types defined by clinic and ambulatory blood pressure in 14 143 patients referred to hypertension clinics worldwide. Data from the ARTEMIS study.

Objective: The Ambulatory blood pressure Registry TEleMonitoring of hypertension and cardiovascular rISk project was designed to set up an international registry including clinic blood pressure (CBP) and ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) measurements in patients attending hypertension clinics in all five continents, aiming to assess different daily life hypertension types.

Methods: Cross-sectional ABP, CBP and demographic data, medical history and cardiovascular risk profile were provided from existing databases by hypertension clinics. Hypertension types were evaluated considering CBP (≥140/90 mmHg) and 24-h ABP (≥130/80 mmHg).

Chronobiologically Interpreted Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Health and Disease.

To detect vascular variability anomalies (VVAs), a blood pressure and heart rate profile around the clock for at least 7 days is a start. As a minimum, measurement every 60 or preferably 30 minutes for a week is needed, to be continued if abnormality is found, to assess the about 24-hour (circadian) variability that exists in all individuals. As a first dividend, one then also obtains a glimpse of 2 of the very many longer-than-circadian periodicities, the biological half-week and week.

Exercise training combined with electromyostimulation in the rehabilitation of patients with chronic heart failure: A randomized trial.

Aim: Both aerobic training (AT) and electromyostimulation (EMS) of leg muscles improve exercise tolerance in patients suffering from chronic heart failure (CHF). It was speculated that combination of both methods might have an additive effect. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of a combination of AT and EMS in rehabilitation (RHB) of CHF patients.

Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and aerobic exercise training on arterial stiffness and autonomic functions in patients with chronic heart failure.

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of leg muscles has been introduced in clinical practice as a rehabilitation (RHB) method in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF); however, the role of NMES on the reduction of arterial stiffness and autonomic disbalance in these patients has not yet been studied. Sixty-one patients with stable CHF (mean age 58.9 [2.

[Combined exercise training in men with metabolic syndrome after acute coronary event].

Introduction: Favourable effect of exercise training on cardiovascular prognosis in patients with metabolic syndrome have been documented in lot of studies. Less information exist about results of cardiovascular rehabilitation in patients with different forms of coronary heart disease and associated diseases and abnormalities within metabolic syndrome.

Methods: The present article evaluates a benefit of combined, aerobic-resistance training in two groups of patients after percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome: with [group MS(+), n = 42] and without [group MS(-), n = 53] metabolic syndrome.

Intra-dialytic electrostimulation of leg extensors may improve exercise tolerance and quality of life in hemodialyzed patients.

Hemodialyzed (HD) patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) exhibit lower fitness as a consequence of chronic uremic changes that trigger various structural, metabolic, and functional abnormalities in skeletal muscles. The aim of this randomized study was to compare the effect of rehabilitation (RHB) training on a bicycle ergometer and electromyostimulation (EMS) of leg extensors in HD patients with ESRD. Thirty-two HD patients (18 men/14 women; mean age 61.

COSMIC INHERITANCE RULES: IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH CARE AND SCIENCE.

Countering the trend in specialization, we advocate the trans-disciplinary monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate for signatures of environmental cyclic and other variabilities in space as well as terrestrial weather on the one hand, and for surveillance of personal and societal health on the other hand. New rules (if confirmed novel laws) emerge as we recognize our inheritance from the cosmos of cycles that constitute and characterize life and align them with inheritance from parents. In so doing, we happen to follow the endeavors of Gregor Mendel, who recognized the segregation and independent assortment of what became known as genes.

BLOOD PRESSURE, HEART RATE AND MELATONIN CYCLES SYNCHRONIZATION WITH THE SEASON, EARTH MAGNETISM AND SOLAR FLARES.

Three spectral components with periods of about (~) 0.41, ~0.5 and ~1.

UNTREATED TRANSIENT LONGER THAN 7-DAY CHAT, CIRCADIAN HYPER-AMPLITUDE TENSION, IN A 7-YEAR PERSPECTIVE.

The case report presented herein aims at promoting the awareness in medical, notably cardiological, practice of the importance of, first, collecting at least a week-long record of around-the-clock measurements of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) (and a much longer record if the 7 day record so indicates) and, second, of analysing the data chronobiologically in the light of reference values specified as a function of time, gender and age as a minimum. In addition to diagnosing deviations in a chronome (time structure)-adjusted mean value, a chronobiological approach identifies abnormalities in the variability of BP and/or HR, gauged by the circadian characteristics (double amplitude and acrophase, measures of the extent and timing of predictable change within a cycle) and by the standard deviation. A woman in presumably good health was 60 years of age at the start of intermittent monitoring over a 7 year span.

AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING: THE NEED OF 7-DAY RECORD.

The need for systematic around-the-clock self-measurements of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), or preferably for automatic monitoring as the need arises and can be met by inexpensive tools, is illustrated in two case reports. Miniaturized unobtrusive, as yet unavailable instrumentation for the automatic measurement of BP and HR should be a high priority for both government and industry. Automatic ambulatorily functioning monitors already represent great progress, enabling us to introduce the concept of eventually continuous or, as yet, intermittent home ABPM.

MAPPING OF CIRCASEPTAN AND CIRCADIAN CHANGES IN MOOD.

Circadian changes in mood have been described earlier. A positive affect (PA) has been separated from a negative affect (NA), as independent components in opposite admittedly subjective directions, a circadian rhythm characterizing both aspects. Herein, the time structure (chronome) of human mood is re-examined and extended from the circadian to the circaseptan domain by a meta-analysis of data on 196 clinically healthy students who filled out the positive (PA) and negative (NA) affective scale (PANAS), consisting each of 10-item mood scales.

FURTHER MAPPING OF THE NATALITY CHRONOME IN TODA CITY (JAPAN) MATERNITY HOSPITAL.

In order to investigate any circannual and/or circaseptan variations in birth incidence and birth weight in Toda City (Japan), data on 4,411 consecutive births were obtained from the city's Maternity Hospital between 1 Jan 1999 and 31 Dec 2001. Data were analysed by cosinor separately for babies with birth weights in given ranges, and separately for boys and girls born at different gestational ages. A circannual rhythm was detected with statistical significance (P=0.

Benefit of combined cardiac rehabilitation on exercise capacity and cardiovascular parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Favorable effects of exercise training on cardiovascular prognosis have been reported repeatedly in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). However, little is known about the cardiovascular rehabilitation effects in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study has evaluated the benefits of combined aerobic-resistance training in two groups of patients--diabetics and non-diabetics--after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

[Differentiated approach to prescription of physical activity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction].

Correctly indicated physical exercise performed and controlled on a regular basis is an inseparable part of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with left ventricular dysfunction. In order to guarantee the best effect and safety of physical exercise, it is necessary to adopt a differential approach to its prescription to patients with different degrees of functional damage. In addition, a number of conditions should be fulfilled, among which, in the first place, the determination of functional classification of patients used in practice and described in the relevant literature (NYHA, AMA, Goldman, Weber).

Home C-ABPM for Preventive and Curative Health Care and Transdisciplinary Science.

The clinical everyday management of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) can be greatly improved by the mapping of time structures in home ambulatory BP and HR assessment. Thereby, we change focus from the BP and the HR to the dynamics of these variables. This change is achieved by computer-implemented chronomics, the mapping of chronomes, consisting of cyclicities (our concern herein) along with chaos and trends, in the service of cardiologists, general health care providers, the educated public, and transdisciplinary science.

CIRCADIAN BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY AND EXERCISE THERAPY.

The objective of this study was to find if there was a relationship between the time when cardiovascular rehabilitation was running in the patients after myocardial infarction and an average daily value of systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 7-day ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.Systolic and diastolic pressures significantly increased in patients who underwent cardiovascular rehabilitation in the morning from 9.00 a.

CHRONOMICS AND GENETICS.

The mapping of time structures, chronomes, constitutes an endeavor spawned by chronobiology: chronomics. This cartography in time shows signatures on the surface of the earth, cycles, also accumulating in life on the earth's surface. We append a glossary of these and other cycles, the names being coined in the light of approximate cycle length.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIRCADIAN BLOOD PRESSURE VARIATION AND AGE ANALYSED FROM 7-DAY MONITORING.

The relationship between age and circadian blood pressure (BP) variation was the aim of the present study. One hundred and eighty-seven subjects (130 males, 57 females), 20-77 years old, were recruited for seven-day BP monitoring. Colin medical instruments (Komaki, Japan) were used for ambulatory BP monitoring (oscillation method, 30-minute interval between measurements).

ANALYSIS OF BAROREFLEX FUNCTION BY MEANS OF MATHEMATICAL MODEL.

Re-evaluation of all functions of baroreflex by means of a simple mathematical model of circulation was the aim of the present study. The following states are modelled: 1. Rest.

THE INCIDENCE OF SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN AUSTRIA.

The aim of the study was to assess the time structure (chronome) of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in Austria. The daily incidence of SCD (ICD-10 I46.1) in Austria was obtained for the 4-year span from Jan 2002 to Dec 2005.