Hematocrit values in weight-selected and relaxed lines of White Rock chickens.

Hematocrits (PCV) were measured at 29 and 106 d of age (PCV1 and PCV2, respectively) in male and female White Plymouth Rocks. Four lines were used, two of which had undergone 40 generations of divergent selection for 8-wk BW (HWS, LWS), and two respective sublines (HWR, LWR), in which selection had been relaxed for five generations. At both ages, males and females did not differ for PCV in lines HWR, LWR, and LWS.

Forty generations of bidirectional selection for mating frequency in male Japanese quail.

A bidirectional replicated selection experiment for high (H1 and H2) or low (L1 and L2) cumulative number of complete matings (CNCM) in male Japanese quail was conducted for 40 generations. In the S32 generation, a subline was taken from each selected line and selection was relaxed. In the randombred control line (C), CNCM and unselected traits changed significantly over generations.

Behavior change after growth hormone treatment of children with short stature.

Objectives: To measure the prevalence of behavioral and learning problems among children with short stature and to assess the effect of growth hormone (GH) treatment on such problems.

Study Design: A total of 195 children with short stature (age range 5 to 16 years, mean age 11.2 years) were tested for intelligence, academic achievement, social competence, and behavior problems before beginning GH therapy and yearly during 3 years of treatment.

The moderating effect of self-esteem in reaction to voice: converging evidence from five studies.

It has been posited that high self-esteem persons (high SEs) are more confident than low self-esteem persons (low SEs) of their capability to provide meaningful input in a decision process. If this is so, then high SEs should be more influenced by their perceived level of voice, relative to low SEs. Survey data from 4 field studies showed that voice was more positively related to various dependent variables among high SEs than low SEs.

Sexual harassment liability & disability discrimination: new rules apply.

Recent decisions by the Supreme Court give some indication of how a court would rule in a sexual harassment or disability discrimination suit. Home care providers need to understand the effect of these rulings and ensure that their own policies are clear and clearly disseminated to employees.

Mode of inheritance of unselected traits in lines of chickens selected for high or low antibody response to sheep red blood cells. 2. Heterophils, lymphocytes, and hematocrits.

The nuclear lines for this experiment were White Leghorns that had undergone long-term selection for high (HH) or low (LL) antibody response to sheep red blood cell antigen(s). Sixteen progeny types consisting of parental lines, reciprocal F1 and F2 crosses, and backcrosses were produced in a single hatch from age-contemporary parents. At 30 d of age, blood was obtained from a random sample of 10 males per progeny type (n = 160) and slides prepared for subsequent determination of number of heterophils and lymphocytes.

Mode of inheritance of unselected traits in lines of chickens selected for high or low antibody response to sheep red blood cells. 1. Resistance to marble spleen disease virus and juvenile body weight.

Two lines of White Leghorns that had undergone long-term selection for high (HH) or low (LL) antibody response to sheep red blood cell antigen(s) formed the nuclear lines for this experiment. Matings were made in a full diallel cross to produce in a single hatch from age-contemporary breeders the parental lines, reciprocal F1 and F2 crosses, and backcrosses for 16 progeny types. For males and females, there were parental line differences in BW to 42 d of age, after which there was decline between lines for males.

The psychological consequences of Turner syndrome and review of the National Cooperative Growth Study psychological substudy.

Objective: To present longitudinal data on the psychological profile of a cohort of girls with and without Turner syndrome (TS) treated for 3 years with growth hormone (GH).

Methods: Among a sample of 283 children with short stature, 37 girls with TS were recruited at 27 US medical centers. Of the original cohort, 22 girls with TS, 13 girls with isolated growth hormone deficiency (GHD), and 12 girls with idiopathic short stature were followed through 3 years of GH therapy.

Reciprocal regulation of neu tyrosine kinase activity and caveolin-1 protein expression in vitro and in vivo. Implications for human breast cancer.

Neu (c-erbB2) is a proto-oncogene product that encodes an epidermal growth factor-like receptor tyrosine kinase. Amplification of wild-type c-Neu and mutational activation of Neu (Neu T) have been implicated in oncogenic transformation of cultured fibroblasts and mammary tumorigenesis in vivo. Here, we examine the relationship between Neu tyrosine kinase activity and caveolin-1 protein expression in vitro and in vivo.

Organic dust exposures from work in dairy barns.

Environmental surveys were conducted in 85 barns, predominantly dairy, in central Wisconsin to characterize exposures to organic dusts and dust constituents from routine barn work. Environmental analytes included airborne dusts (total, inhalable inlet, and respirable), particle size distributions, endotoxins, total spore and bacteria counts, viable bacteria and fungi, histamine, cow urine antigen, mite antigen, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide. The geometric mean (GM) concentration of airborne dusts include area total, 0.

Developmental stability in different genetic stocks of white rock chickens.

Asymmetries were determined for several bilateral traits in females from a line of chickens selected for 39 generations for low 56 day body weight (LWS) and in a subline of LWS where selection had been relaxed for four generations (LWR). Because of reduced food intake under ad libitum feeding, some LWS females do not commence egg production, a condition that can be overcome by relaxing selection for a generation or two. Bilateral traits, measured at 240 days of age in LWS non-layers, LWS layers, and LWR layers, were shank length and diameter, distance between the auditory canal and the posterior junction of the upper and lower mandible, and weight and length of the first primary wing feather.

Molecular markers of acute upper airway inflammation in workers exposed to fuel-oil ash.

Biomarkers in nasal lavage (NL) fluid may be useful in determining the presence and severity of upper airway inflammation. We studied 18 boilermakers overhauling a large, oil-fired boiler and 11 utility workers who served as controls for 6 wk. NL was performed before (NL1), during (NL2), and after (NL3) the overhaul.

Comparison of sex-linked dwarf genes in chickens from two sources when introgressed into unrelated genetic backgrounds.

1. Sex-linked dwarfing genes from 2 broiler stock origins (EU and US) were each introgressed into 2 White Leghorn populations that had been divergently selected for antibody response to sheep erythrocytes. 2.

Self-selection of dietary protein and energy by broilers grown under a tropical climate: adaptation when exposed to choice feeding at different ages.

Three hundred broiler chicks (Hubbard) of both sexes were assigned to five feeding treatments: T0 received a complete diet (control), T1 was a choice feeding system with simultaneous access to an energy-rich feed (ground corn) and a protein concentrate (43.7% CP), and T2, T3, and T4 were introduced to choice feeding after 1, 3, and 5 wk, respectively, of consuming the complete diet. At 1-d-old, T1 chicks showed a marked preference for corn, with only 21.

Combination therapy with interleukin-2 and wild-type p53 expressed by adenoviral vectors potentiates tumor regression in a murine model of breast cancer.

Although cytokine gene transfer for cancer treatment can stimulate immune recognition and tumor regression in animal models, there is still a need for improvements to these strategies. In this study, we examined the efficacy of a combination gene therapy using adenovirus (Ad) 5 vectors expressing human interleukin-2 and the wild-type (wt) human p53 gene under control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (AdIL-2 and Adp53wt, respectively). Infected murine cell lines and primary mouse tumor cells secreted high levels of IL-2 and over expressed the p53 protein for at least 9 days.

Late embryonic and early posthatch growth of heart and lung in White Leghorn lines of chickens.

Growth and development of heart and lungs were measured from day 15 of incubation to 25 days after hatch in lines of chickens that had undergone long-term selection for high (HAS) or low (LAS) antibody titers to sheep erythrocytes. A correlated response to this selection was heavier 28-day body weights for LAS than HAS chickens. In this experiment body weights were heavier in line LAS than HAS from 15 days of incubation to 5 days after hatch and again at 25 days after hatch.

Oncogenic activation of Neu/ErbB-2 in a transgenic mouse model for breast cancer.

Recent evidence has suggested that amplification and overexpression of erbB-2/neu is an important determinant in the initiation and progression of human breast cancer. Consistent with this assertion is the observation that transgenic mice that overexpress the neu proto-oncogene heritably develop mammary adenocarcinomas. More recently, we have demonstrated that activation of neu in many of these tumours occurs as a result of somatic mutations located within the transgene itself.

Antibody transmitting ability of hens from lines of chickens differing in response to SRBC antigen.

1. Hens from White Leghorn lines selected for high (HA) or low (LA) antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were inoculated with 0.1 ml of either 0.

Developmental stability in stocks of White Leghorn chickens.

The degree of asymmetry in bilateral morphological characters may reflect genetic and environmental stressors. Shank length and diameter, weight and length of the first primary wing feather, and distance between the junction of upper and lower mandibles and auditory canal (face length) were used to classify bilateral types and measure relative asymmetry (RA) in six genetic stocks. The stocks were the S23 generation of White Leghorn lines selected for high or low antibody response to SRBC, sublines in which selection had been relaxed for eight generations, and reciprocal crosses of the selected lines.

Effects of recycled paper dust extracts on isolated guinea pig trachea.

The effect of paper dust collected at two different locations in a paper recycling plant (PD1 and PD2) on isolated nonsensitized guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle was studied in vitro. Dust extracts were prepared as a 1:10 w/v aqueous solution. Dose-related contractions of guinea pig tracheal rings were elicited with both PD1 and PD2.

Self-selection of dietary protein and energy by broilers grown under a tropical climate: effect of feed particle size on the feed choice.

Broilers, 2 wk of age, that had been previously adapted to energy: protein choice feeding, were offered corn (either ground, cracked, or presented as whole grains) and a protein concentrate (43.7% CP) in mash or pellet form. When corn was fed as whole grains, protein concentrate in the selected diet was significantly higher (35.

Responses of meat-type chickens to choice feeding of diets differing in protein and energy from hatch to market weight.

Chickens from three genetic stocks known to differ in growth potential consumed ad libitum either a single (control) diet or a choice of two diets that differed in protein and energy. Formulation of the choice diets was such that when mixed in specific proportions they provided single diets that decreased in protein and increased in energy over the experimental period. When comparisons of feeding regimens were made at a common age, body weights and feed efficiencies for all stocks were enhanced in chicks fed a single diet.

Genetic selection strategies--population genetics.

This paper provides an overview of the association between population genetics and selection strategies in poultry. Relationships between artificial and natural selection and among causes contributing to limits to artificial selection are discussed. Homeostasis and resource allocations at the individual and at the population level are reviewed.