Prevalence of spit tobacco use and health effects awareness in baseball coaches.

Objectives: To assess spit tobacco usage and knowledge of health effects in baseball coaches.

Methods: Participants (N = 509) were affiliated with the American Baseball Coaches Association and completed a Web-based survey.

Results: Data was ascertained in spit tobacco use, health effects, and possible intervention areas.

[CuCN.Me(3)SnCN.0.5bpy] (bpy = 4,4'-Bipyridine): A Novel Supramolecular Assembly Involving the No Longer Unusual {Cu(2)(&mgr;-CN)(2)(CN)(2)} Motif.

Reaction of K(3)[Cu(CN)(4)] with Me(3)SnCl and 4,4'-bipyridine (bpy) affords the novel ternary adduct [CuCN.Me(3)SnCN.0.

Major histocompatibility complex class I to III allotypes in patients with AIDS-related complex/Walter-Reed 5, disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma and in normal controls. The ARC-IVIG Study Group.

In HIV-infected patients major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II (= HLA-A, B, C, DR) association has been controversial. Of the MHC class III coded complement components C2, BF, C4A/C4B especially C4 allotypes appear of major immunogenetic relevance for their potential differences in virus neutralizing potency and immune complex formation. In the present study 29 patients with AIDS-related complex and Walter-Reed 5 ARC/WR5), 35 patients with disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), and 160 HIV-negative control individuals were compared for MHC class I to III allotypes.

[Graft-versus-host reaction following granulocyte transfusion from a normal donor (author's transl)].

Graft-versus-Host disease following the transfusion of leukocytes from normal donor occured during remission-reinduction therapy in a 5 years old girl with acute lymphocytic leukemia. The clinical picture consisting of rash, diarrhea and somnolence was congruent with the diagnosis. Graft-versus-Host disease was confirmed by histology of skin biopsy and exclusion of other causes.

[The relevance of schizocyte demonstration for the diagnosis of rejection in patients with transplanted kidneys].

Schizocytes may be obtained, if erythrocytes are being pressed through glassfibre threads under pressure. For the purpose of explaining the different mechanisms of schizocytes origin, model tests were made in the haemoresistometer according to Fleisch and in the shaking water bath. As schizocytes can easily be identified, they will yield valuable differential-diagnostical informations and will give a high evidence in checking the progress of transplanted patients.

[The demonstration of HL-A antigens on thrombocytes under various conditions].

Platelets of healthy test persons were gained according to the method of Aster (avital cells) and according to the procedure of BUBE and GMURZYNSKI (vital cells). Because of their tendency towards aggregation vital cells do bind any HL-A antibodies and whereas avital cells will fix antibodies and complement depending on the height of the titre. Thrombocytes stored in the own serum will respond less to the micro-C'-fixation test at + 4 degrees C as well as--196 degrees C, whereas storage in NaN3/NaCl and under the conditions of the own serum will reveal no differences up to--196 degrees C in each case.

[The effext of papain, neuraminidase and AET on the behavior of lymphocytes in cytotoxicity tests].

The influence of papain, neuraminidase and AET to lymphocytes is reported. All three substances strengthen the lymphocytotoxic reaction in low concentrations or by short incubation time and lower it in higher concentrations or longer incubation since. Membrane changes by these three substances are reversible under defined conditions.

[Changes in transplantation antigens of the dog due to cerebral ischemia and their demonstration using the cytotoxic test].

Experiments were performed on 19 mongrel dogs. Changes of transplantation antigens by anesthesia and by brain ischemia were identified in cytotoxic tests. Brain ischemia was responsible for the significant alterations in 5 antigens, anesthesia alone induced significant changes in 3 antigens.