Rapid but nondurable response of a exon 15 double-mutated spindle cell sarcoma to a combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors.

Introduction: BRAF V600E substitution predicts sensitivity of a cancer to BRAF inhibitor therapy. The mutation is rarely found in soft-tissue sarcomas. Here we describe a case of undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma showing primary insensitivity to standard chemotherapy and pronounced but non-sustained response to BRAF/MEK inhibitors at recurrence.

Comparison of the performance of two targeted metagenomic virus capture probe-based methods using reference control materials and clinical samples.

Unlabelled: Viral enrichment by probe hybridization has been reported to significantly increase the sensitivity of viral metagenomics. This study compares the analytical performance of two targeted metagenomic virus capture probe-based methods: (i) SeqCap EZ HyperCap by Roche (ViroCap) and (ii) Twist Comprehensive Viral Research Panel workflow, for diagnostic use. Sensitivity, specificity, and limit of detection were analyzed using 25 synthetic viral sequences spiked in increasing proportions of human background DNA, eight clinical samples, and American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) Virome Virus Mix.

[Clinical and morphological characteristics of Ewing's sarcoma and the algorithm for diagnosing undifferentiated round cell sarcomas].

Background: The group of undifferentiated round cell sarcomas, according to the World Health Organization Classification, in addition to Ewing's sarcoma (ES), includes round cell sarcoma with rearrangement of the gene with partners not from the ETS gene family, sarcoma with gene alterations, -rearranged sarcoma. Despite the fact that all tumors have clear histological and immunological criteria, their diagnosis can be difficult, given the fact that there are overlapping variants of the morphological picture and immunophenotype both within the group and with other round cell tumors.

Objective: Present a comparative analysis of genetically verified ES, sarcoma with gene alterations and -rearranged sarcoma.

Kaposi's Sarcoma in Children After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Two Cases of Rare Primary Tumor Localizations in the Lungs and Lymph Node.

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a vascular / mesenchymal tumor with an indefinite degree of malignancy, caused by complex etiopathogenetic factors including Human Herpes Virus-8 infection of immunocompromised patients. For example, KS is more common in adult men with HIV. We describe 2 very rare cases of iatrogenic KS in children after hematopoietic stem cell transplant with isolated organ damage (case 1: lung; case 2: inguinal lymph node).

Mfsd2a-mediated lysolipid transport is important for renal recovery after acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a global public health concern with high mortality and morbidity. In ischemic-reperfusion injury (IRI), a main cause of AKI, the brush border membrane of S3 proximal tubules (PT) is lost to the tubular lumen. How injured tubules reconstitute lost membrane lipids during renal recovery is not known.

Novel Molecular Vehicle-Based Approach for Cardiac Cell Transplantation Leads to Rapid Electromechanical Graft-Host Coupling.

Myocardial remodeling is an inevitable risk factor for cardiac arrhythmias and can potentially be corrected with cell therapy. Although the generation of cardiac cells ex vivo is possible, specific approaches to cell replacement therapy remain unclear. On the one hand, adhesive myocyte cells must be viable and conjugated with the electromechanical syncytium of the recipient tissue, which is unattainable without an external scaffold substrate.

A comparison of five Illumina, Ion Torrent, and nanopore sequencing technology-based approaches for whole genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2.

Rapid identification of the rise and spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern remains critical for monitoring of the efficacy of diagnostics, therapeutics, vaccines, and control strategies. A wide range of SARS-CoV-2 next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods have been developed over the last years, but cross-sequence technology benchmarking studies have been scarce. In the current study, 26 clinical samples were sequenced using five protocols: AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 (Illumina), EasySeq RC-PCR SARS-CoV-2 (Illumina/NimaGen), Ion AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 (Thermo Fisher), custom primer sets (Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT)), and capture probe-based viral metagenomics (Roche/Illumina).

Non-Toxigenic Strain E4 (NTCD-E4) Prevents Establishment of Primary Infection by Epidemic PCR Ribotype 027 in an In Vitro Human Gut Model.

infection (CDI) remains a significant healthcare burden. Non-toxigenic (NTCD) strains have shown a benefit in preventing porcine enteritis and in human recurrent CDI. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of metronidazole-resistant NTCD-E4 in preventing CDI facilitated by a range of antimicrobials in an in vitro human gut model.

Engineering potent live attenuated coronavirus vaccines by targeted inactivation of the immune evasive viral deubiquitinase.

Coronaviruses express a papain-like protease (PLpro) that is required for replicase polyprotein maturation and also serves as a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB). In this study, using a Middle East respiratory syndrome virus (MERS-CoV) PLpro modified virus in which the DUB is selectively inactivated, we show that the PLpro DUB is an important MERS-CoV interferon antagonist and virulence factor. Although the DUB-negative rMERS-CoV replicates robustly in the lungs of human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 knock-in (hDPP4 KI) mice, it does not cause clinical symptoms.

Microminiaturization of Multichannel Multifrequency Radiographs.

Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, the challenge of introducing methods for investigating patients reducing or eliminating the probability of infection of medical staff is currently relevant. This article provides an analytical review of new technological approaches to organizing the work of medical personnel in carrying out auscultation of patients with COVID-19. The development and approval of such technologies is shown to have started around the world.

Immune Determinants of Viral Clearance in Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients: Reduced Circulating Naïve CD4+ T Cell Counts Correspond with Delayed Viral Clearance.

Virus-specific cellular and humoral responses are major determinants for protection from critical illness after SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the magnitude of the contribution of each of the components to viral clearance remains unclear. Here, we studied the timing of viral clearance in relation to 122 immune parameters in 102 hospitalised patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 in a longitudinal design.

Genome-wide diversity of Zika virus: Exploring spatio-temporal dynamics to guide a new nomenclature proposal.

The Zika virus (ZIKV) disease caused a public health emergency of international concern that started in February 2016. The overall number of ZIKV-related cases increased until November 2016, after which it declined sharply. While the evaluation of the potential risk and impact of future arbovirus epidemics remains challenging, intensified surveillance efforts along with a scale-up of ZIKV whole-genome sequencing provide an opportunity to understand the patterns of genetic diversity, evolution, and spread of ZIKV.

Performance of Five Metagenomic Classifiers for Virus Pathogen Detection Using Respiratory Samples from a Clinical Cohort.

Viral metagenomics is increasingly applied in clinical diagnostic settings for detection of pathogenic viruses. While several benchmarking studies have been published on the use of metagenomic classifiers for abundance and diversity profiling of bacterial populations, studies on the comparative performance of the classifiers for virus pathogen detection are scarce. In this study, metagenomic data sets ( = 88) from a clinical cohort of patients with respiratory complaints were used for comparison of the performance of five taxonomic classifiers: Centrifuge, Clark, Kaiju, Kraken2, and Genome Detective.

Longitudinal Monitoring of DNA Viral Loads in Transplant Patients Using Quantitative Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing.

Introduction: Immunocompromised patients are prone to reactivations and (re-)infections of multiple DNA viruses. Viral load monitoring by single-target quantitative PCRs (qPCR) is the current cornerstone for virus quantification. In this study, a metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) approach was used for the identification and load monitoring of transplantation-related DNA viruses.

Study of Generalized Phase Spectrum Time Delay Estimation Method for Source Positioning in Small Room Acoustic Environment.

This paper considers the application of signal processing methods to passive indoor positioning with acoustics microphones. The key aspect of this problem is time-delay estimation (TDE) that is used to get the time difference of arrival of the source's signal between the pair of distributed microphones. This paper studies the approach based on generalized phase spectrum (GPS) TDE methods.

Features of the immunological profile of blood and urine in patients with post-infectious glomerulonephritis.

The timely diagnosis and treatment of post-infectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN) is currently limited by the erased and low-symptom nature of the disease, which leads to the search for informative biological markers of the disease, which can be used as immunological indicators of blood and urine. The study was carried out in order to establish the characteristic changes in the immunological parameters of blood and urine in patients with PIGN. The study included 60 patients with PIGN from among the patients, hospitalized in the nephrology department of the Republican Clinical Hospital of Health Care Ministry of the Chuvash Republic in 2015-2018.

[Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: a literature review and a report of two cases].

Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a rare soft tissue tumor of intermediate malignancy potential, which predominantly affects children and young adults. This paper describes two cases of AFH, as well as a review of literature during 1979 to 2021. It gives data on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and genetic characteristics of AFH.

[Noninvasive magnetic stimulation with endoscopic navigation for the treatment of cricopharyngeal failure in chronic critical illness].

Objective: To assess the efficacy of treatment of cricopharyngeal insufficiency in chronic critical illness caused by severe brain injury using non-invasive magnetic stimulation with endoscopic navigation.

Material And Methods: Thirty patients (19 men and 11 women, mean age 50±12 years) were studied. The exposure was carried out by a bipolar alternating magnetic field using an inductor located in the projection of the hyoid bone.

Viral metagenomic sequencing in a cohort of international travellers returning with febrile illness.

Background: Diagnosis of infections in returning international travellers can be challenging because of the broad spectrum of potential infectious etiologies potentially involved. Viral metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has the potential to detect any virus present in a patient sample and is increasingly being used for difficult to diagnose cases. The aim of this study was to analyze the performance of mNGS for viral pathogen detection in the clinical setting of international travellers returning with febrile illness.