Stomach Cancer: Interconnection between the Redox State, Activity of MMP-2, MMP-9 and Stage of Tumor Growth.

High levels of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species can lead to the destruction of extracellular matrix facilitating tumor progression. ROS can activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), damage DNA and RNA. Therefore, the levels of MMP, ROS and RNS can serve as additional prognostic markers and for the estimation of the effectiveness of tumor therapy.

Oxidative mechanisms of biological activity of low-intensity radiofrequency radiation.

This review aims to cover experimental data on oxidative effects of low-intensity radiofrequency radiation (RFR) in living cells. Analysis of the currently available peer-reviewed scientific literature reveals molecular effects induced by low-intensity RFR in living cells; this includes significant activation of key pathways generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of peroxidation, oxidative damage of DNA and changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. It indicates that among 100 currently available peer-reviewed studies dealing with oxidative effects of low-intensity RFR, in general, 93 confirmed that RFR induces oxidative effects in biological systems.

Changes in mitochondrial functioning with electromagnetic radiation of ultra high frequency as revealed by electron paramagnetic resonance methods.

Purpose: To study the effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of ultra high frequency (UHF) in the doses equivalent to the maximal permitted energy load for the staffs of the radar stations on the biochemical processes that occur in the cell organelles.

Materials And Methods: Liver, cardiac and aorta tissues from the male rats exposed to non-thermal UHF EMR in pulsed and continuous modes were studied during 28 days after the irradiation by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methods including a spin trapping of superoxide radicals.

Results: The qualitative and quantitative disturbances in electron transport chain (ETC) of mitochondria are registered.

Overproduction of free radical species in embryonal cells exposed to low intensity radiofrequency radiation.

Aim: Long-term exposure of humans to low intensity radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) leads to a statistically significant increase in tumor incidence. Mechanisms of such the effects are unclear, but features of oxidative stress in living cells under RF-EMR exposure were previously reported. Our study aims to assess a production of initial free radical species, which lead to oxidative stress in the cell.

Electron paramagnetic resonance study of tumor affected bone marrow.

To study the mechanism of interaction of tumor cells with bone marrow cells continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments at 9 GHz including a spin trapping of superoxide were carried out. The common features of the EPR spectra in healthy and tumor affected tissues of donors and rats as well as their difference are presented and discussed. It is proposed that labile iron pool plays a significant role in mechanisms of tumor invasion.

GSM 900 MHz cellular phone radiation can either stimulate or depress early embryogenesis in Japanese quails depending on the duration of exposure.

Purpose: Our study was designed to assess the effects of low intensity radiation of a GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) 900 MHz cellular phone on early embryogenesis in dependence on the duration of exposure.

Materials And Methods: Embryos of Japanese Quails were exposed in ovo to GSM 900 MHz cellular phone radiation during initial 38 h of brooding or alternatively during 158 h (120 h before brooding plus initial 38 h of brooding) discontinuously with 48 sec ON (average power density 0.25 μW/cm(2), specific absorption rate 3 μW/kg) followed by 12 sec OFF intervals.

GSM 900 MHz microwave radiation affects embryo development of Japanese quails.

A wide range of non thermal biological effects of microwave radiation (MW) was revealed during the last decades. A number of reports showed evident hazardous effects of MW on embryo development in chicken. In this study, we aimed at elucidating the effects of MW emitted by a commercial model of GSM 900 MHz cell phone on embryo development in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) during both short and prolonged exposure.

[Metabolic changes in cells under electromagnetic radiation of mobile communication systems].

Review is devoted to the analysis of biological effects of microwaves. The results of last years' researches indicated the potential risks of long-term low-level microwaves exposure for human health. The analysis of metabolic changes in living cells under the exposure of microwaves from mobile communication systems indicates that this factor is stressful for cells.

Long-term exposure to microwave radiation provokes cancer growth: evidences from radars and mobile communication systems.

In this review we discuss alarming epidemiological and experimental data on possible carcinogenic effects of long term exposure to low intensity microwave (MW) radiation. Recently, a number of reports revealed that under certain conditions the irradiation by low intensity MW can substantially induce cancer progression in humans and in animal models. The carcinogenic effect of MW irradiation is typically manifested after long term (up to 10 years and more) exposure.

Risks of carcinogenesis from electromagnetic radiation of mobile telephony devices.

Intensive implementation of mobile telephony technology in everyday human life during last two decades has given a possibility for epidemiological estimation of long-term effects of chronic exposure of human organism to low-intensive microwave (MW) radiation. Latest epidemiological data reveal a significant increase in risk of development of some types of tumors in chronic (over 10 years) users of mobile phone. It was detected a significant increase in incidence of brain tumors (glioma, acoustic neuroma, meningioma), parotid gland tumor, seminoma in long-term users of mobile phone, especially in cases of ipsilateral use (case-control odds ratios from 1.

[Prognostic value of the androgenic function state of patients with lung cancer].

The authors have studied interconnection between daily excretion of androgenous metabolites and life-span of patients with lung cancer of different histological gradation. Positive correlation was found between life-span of patients with lung cancer and index of androsterone daily excretion. The patients with lung cancer of high differentiation had their androgenous fractions daily excretion compared with those of healthy persons, and patients with the lung cancer of middle and low degree of differentiation had their androgenous fractions daily excretion considerably lower than those of healthy persons.

O2*- and NO-associated mechanisms of selective action of redox-active cobalt complexes on tumor tissue.

Aim: To study the influence of redox-active cobalt(III) complex with tetradentate Schiff base and nicotinamide as an axial ligand on the rate of superoxide radical-anions generation and levels of NO in tumor and normal tissues of Lewis lung carcinoma bearing mice as well as activity of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMPs) in tumor.

Methods: The superoxide radical-anions formation and NO level in tissues were assessed by EPR method with the use of 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxopiperidin and diethyldithiocarbomate spin traps, respectively. MMPs activities were determined by zymography in polyacrylamide gel.

High formation of superoxide anion and nitric oxide, and matrix metalloproteinases activity in vascular wall of rectal carcinoma vessels.

Aim: To study the relationship between the level of generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the vessels isolated from rectal tumors and Arteria rectalis superior.

Methods: EPR at the room temperature and 77 degrees K, Spin Traps technology and zymography in polyacrylamide gels were applied.

Results: In the vessels isolated from rectal tumors and Arteria rectalis superior high levels of ROS, NO and formation of complexes of NO with FeS-proteins at the sites of electron-transporting chain of mitochondria have been detected.

Modulation of ROS/NO production by murine peritoneal macrophages in response to bacterial CpG DNA stimulation.

Aim: To investigate the features of metabolic activation induced by bacterial CpG DNA (bCpG DNA) in peritoneal macrophages (PMphis).

Methods: Electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping technique using respective spin traps was applied to study the generation rate of reactive oxygen species and NO production by PMphis of BALB/c mice.

Results: For the first time the capability of bCpG DNA isolated from Bacillus subtilis GP1-807-03 culture medium to elevate activity of NADP composite functionH oxidase and inducible NO synthase in PMphis of normal and tumor-bearing mice have been demonstrated.

Effects of radical oxygen species and NO: formation of intracellular hypoxia and activation of matrix metalloproteinases in tumor tissues.

Aim: To establish the association between the radical oxygen species (ROS) and NO levels in the tumor cells mitochondria, between cell hypoxia development and activation of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9.

Materials And Methods: Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) at room temperature and at the temperature of liquid nitrogen (77 degrees K), spin traps technology, enzymography in polyacrylamide gel were applied.

Results: Redox-centers in the respiration cascade of mitochondria have been revealed, multiple oxidative damage of which in breast and liver cancer tissues of experimental animals as well as in tumor tissue from patients with gastric cancer promote the development of cell hypoxia.

[Modulating effect of helium-neon laser radiation on the state of antioxidant and hydroxylation systems of quail liver under X-ray irradiation and chemical intoxication].

Red laser light (lambda = 633 nm) in a dose of 9.5 mJ/cm2 defends quail's embryo from X-ray irradiation (8.5 Gr).

Effects of mechanochemically activated doxorubicin and 40 MHz frequency irradiation on human A-549 lung carcinoma cells.

Aim: To study in vitro influence of mechanochemically activated (MA) doxorubicin (DOXO) and electromagnetic irradiation (EMI) on human lung carcinoma A-549 cells.

Methods: Solid state DOXO was MA by input energy 20 W/g during 5 min. Tumor cells were exposed to 40 MHz EMI with power density 2 W/cm(2) at temperature 37 degrees C.

[The combined chemotherapy with platinum of patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer].

Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin and platinum was performed in 122 patients with stage III-IV squamous-cell cancer and adenocarcinoma of the lung. Control group included 84 cases of non-small-cell lung cancer treated with the same drugs except platinum. Ten patients with stage III disease received platinum-based combination chemotherapy and split-course radiotherapy in the total dose of 65-70 Gy.

[Role of protein receptors of Vitamin A in the mechanism of antitumor action of retinoids].

Data on protein receptors of vitamin A participating in retinoid metabolism, storage, transport and action are presented. Information about cytosolic protein receptors of vitamin A exerting hormone-like action on the cell proliferation and differentiation is considered in detail. Data concerning the presence of protein receptors in normal and tumour tissues, correlation between protein receptors and biological retinoid effect are analyzed.

[The effect of age-related changes on the hypophyseo-adrenal and sympathetico-adrenal systems in patients with cancer of the digestive tract and lungs].

An analysis of the activity of pituitary-adrenal and sympathetic-adrenal systems in patients with cancer of the digestive canal and lungs with consideration of age, sex and stage of the disease indicates that not age but the development of the tumour process is the leading factor in disorders of the neuroendocrine homeostasis. Therapeutic measures are discussed.

[The role of membranes in the mechanisms of the anti-carcinogenic effect of retinoids].

The role of cell membrane structures in the mechanism of anticarcinogenic and antiblastic action of retinoids was reviewed on the basis of the authors' results and data from literature. The retinoid action induced a delay and prevention of malignant neoplasms development, which is shown by various experimental models of carcinogenesis and tumour growth. The regulatory effect of retinoids on the membrane-bound enzymic processes was analyzed as very important in the clarification of the retinoid action mechanisms not only as antipromotor agents, but also as those influencing immediately the initiation stage of the tumour process.

[Structural dynamic properties of the cell membranes of Ehrlich ascites tumor associated with a polyamine deficiency caused by DL-difluoromethylornithine].

The blocking of polyamine synthesis in cancer cell by a specific inhibitor (DFMO) results in an increase in membrane viscosity and in significant changes in cell deformability as determined by cell penetration through a nuclear filter with given porosity. Almost two-fold reduction of the penetration rate through the filter pores was registered for the DFMO-treated cells in spite of the fact that the cell size decreases after such a treatment. The number of cells penetrating through the filter after DFMO treatment is diminished due to an increasing resistance to penetration.

[Anti-carcinogenic and anti-blastic effect of vitamin A in various modes of its administration to random-bred rats during carcinogenesis of the mammary gland, induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene].

The dependence of the anticarcinogenic and antiblastic effect of retinoid on the regime of its inoculation and on the process stage has been established using the 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis of rats. The prophylactic administration of retinoid alone and its therapeutic inoculation against a background of hormonal correction resulted in the most expressed effect that was estimated by the elongation of the latent period, incidence and growth rate of tumours, lifespan of treated animals as well as by the distribution of malignant and benign tumours.

[The state of the molecular electron carriers of the cell energy system at early periods following irradiation].

The content of non-heme iron-sulfur proteins and free radicals in the liver, cardiac muscle, and brain was studied during the period from 10 min to 7 days following X-irradiation with doses of 11.0, 7.5, and 4.

[Effect of preparations of unsaturated fatty acids on the lipid component of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes of liver cells in rats following administration of N-nitrosodiethylamine].

The effect of drugs, including unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants, on the lipid composition of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes was studied at early stages of NDEA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. The complexes containing oleic, linoleic, and arachidonic acids and biological antioxidants prevent changes in the fatty acid composition and the lipid bilayer organization of the both membrane fractions of endoplasmic reticulum which are observed after the injection of NDEA alone, and they inhibit the appearance and growth in the liver of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase positive hyperplastic nodules.