[Decreased Heart Rate Variability in Sickle Cell Anemia as Effect of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension].

Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with increased mortality risk in various diseases. The objective of this investigation:to study HRV in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) and to assess the effect of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) on HRV in these patients. Materials and methods.

[Radial Approach for Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease: Advantages and Disadvantages, Complications Rate in Comparison With Femoral Approach].

During recent 10-15 years, percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) have reached a new level of efficacy and safety. Rate of serious coronary complications has decreased. That to a greater degree exposes the problem of peripheral complications at the site of arterial approach.

[Diagnostic Possibilities of Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography].

The review is devoted to merits and demerits of a new method of assessment of condition of the heart - speckle-tracking echocardiography. Speckle-tracking echocardiography is a perspective method allowing to register disorders of both global and regional contractile motion.

[Ability to Overcome the Thrombocyte Resistance to Acetylsalicylic Acid in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease After Myocardial Revascularization With Coronary Stenting].

Resistance to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in patients with coronary artery disease is a poor predictor for the development of atherothrombotic complications. In 277 patients with coronary artery disease suffered uncomplicated coronary angioplasty with stent implantation, we was estimated arachidon-induced platelet aggregation during treatment with acetylsalicylic acid by bedside VerifyNow Assay test at 28-90 days after the intervention. It was found that 18.

[Ischemic Heart Disease: Focus on Acute Infarction of the Right Ventricular Myocardium].

Ischemic heart disease and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in particular remain widely spread and contribute seriously in total mortality of population. This literature review is devoted to the right ventricular (RV) AMI as the least studied problem of contemporary cardiology. We present here description of specific characteristics of blood supply to ventricles of the heart, clinical picture, diagnostic criteria and prognosis of RV infarction.

[Application of CAVI Index in Clinical Practice: Calculated Vascular Age as a Tool for Decision on Additional Examination of Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases].

Objective: to analyze correspondence between determination of vascular age of patients with cardiovascular diseases by volumetric sphygmography and their chronological age, and to assess the influence of lipid factors and atherosclerotic lesions in carotid arteries (CA) on parameters associated with the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI).

Material And Methods: Clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination which included volumetric sphygmography was carried out in 185 patients with various cardiovascular diseases. Calculated vascular age was determined on the basis of graphic conversion of ratio of CAVI and true age of a patient.

[Comparative Clinical Biochemical Assessment of the State of Myocardium After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Performed Using Various Techniques].

We compared parameters of the state of myocardium after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS) performed according to the following techniques - with complete cardiopulmonary bypass (CABS-CBP), beating heart bypass grafting with parallel normothermic perfusion (CABS-BH-NP), and beating heart bypass grafting (CABS-BH). Patients (n=100, 86% men, 14% women, age 56-69 years) were divided into 3 groups with comparable sex, age, state of the myocardium, and EUROSCORE surgical risk. In group 1 patients (n=35) we used CABS-CHB, in group 2 (n=32) - CABS-BH-NP, in group 3 (n=33) - CABS-BH.

[Application of Methods of Assessment of Vascular Wall Stiffness in Clinical Practice: Capabilities of Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index].

This paper contains discussion of application of methods of assessment of vascular stiffness in clinical practice, comparison of such parameters as pulse wave velocity, ankle-brachial and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), as well as analysis of advantages of cardio-ankle CAVI for diagnosis, evaluation of effectiveness of treatment, and prognosis in various cardiovascular diseases.

[Chiari network and pulmonary embolism].

We present the case of a patient with acute pulmonary embolism, Chiari network thrombus, and deep vein thrombosis in lower extremities. Chiari networks are present in the right atrium in a minority of population and are usually of no clinical significance. On the other hand it may be associated with such pathological changes as patent foramen ovale, intraatrial thrombus, or atrial arrhythmias.

[Chiari Network and Pulmonary Embolism].

We present the case of a patient with acute pulmonary embolism, Chiari network thrombus, and deep vein thrombosis in lower extremities. Chiari networks are present in the right atrium in a minority of population and are usually of no clinical significance. On the other hand it may be associated with such pathological changes as patent foramen ovale, intraatrial thrombus, or atrial arrhythmias.

[Comparative Clinical Biochemical Assesment of the State of Mycardium After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Performed Using Various Techniques].

We compared parameters of the state of myocardium after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS) performed according to the following techniques--with complete cardiopulmonary bypass (CABS-CBP), beating heart bypass grafting with parallel normothermic perfusion (CABS- BH-NP), and beating heart bypass grafting (CABS-BH). Patients (n = 100, 86% men, 14% women, age 56-69 years) were divided into 3 groups with comparable sex, age, state of the myocardium, and EUROSCORE surgical risk. In group 1 patients (n = 35) we used CABS-CHB, in group 2 (n = 32)--CABS-BH-NP, in group 3 (n = 33)--CABS-BH.

[Signs of diabetic cardiomyopathy in patients with controlled arterial hypertension and early postprandial hyperglycemia].

Aim: To study signs of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in nondiabetic patients with controlled arterial hypertension (AH) and glycemic response during first hour of glucose tolerance test (GTT).

Material And Methods: Patients (n = 47) with controlled AH were divided into 2 groups according to results of GTT with 75 g of glucose: patients of group 1 (n = 22) had glucose level ≤ 200 mg/dl during 1-st hour of GTT; other patients (n = 25) composed group 2. Examination of all patients included transthoracic echocardiography, ultrasound Dopplerography, tissue Doppler (TD) and 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring.

[Effect of design of standard metallic stents on neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis].

Coronary stents became an integral part of treatment of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Number of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in patients with IHD in Russia constantly growing. At a certain stage of development of interventional cardiology drug eluting stents (DES) were created and became actively used.

[The diagnostic efficiency of the methods of separate and combined registration of oronasal airflow and pulse oximetry for detection of the obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome].

The diagnostic efficiency of the methods of separate and combined registration of oronasal airflow and pulse oximetry in order to identify the obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is studied in this work. Patients with cardiovascular diseases with complaints on sleep disorders were included in the study. Combined registration of oronasal airflow and pulse oximetry during sleep were performed for all examined patients (diagnostic system ApneaLink with pulse oximetry, ResMed).

[Clinical significance of filiform structures (Lambls excrescences) on cusps of cardiac valves].

This literature review is devoted to clinical significance of filiform structures (Lambls excrescences) which can be revealed on cusps of cardiac valves by transesophageal echocardiography. The review contains analysis of frequency of detection of these structures at pathomorphological investigation and transesophageal echocardiography as well as consideration of their histological construction and mechanisms of formation. Special emphasis is made on mechanisms of related embolic complications and data on association of Lambls excrescences with strokes.

[Nicorandil in the treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease].

Adequate drug therapy of stable ischemic heart disease directed at reduction and prevention of main clinical symptoms of the disease, increase of exercise tolerance to physical effort, improvement of quality of life and prognosis remains an actual problem. Nicorandil combines properties of an antianginal drug and cardioprotective effects. Its pharmacological action is related to capabilities to be an nitrous oxide donor and to activate ATP-dependent potassium channels.

[Mechanisms of development of thromboembolic complications in patients with atrial fibrillation].

Thomboembolism is the most threatening complication in patients with atrial fibrillation. Main source of embolism is the left atrial thrombosis. Mechanisms of development of thromboembolic complications in patients with arrhythmias are far from being deciphered.

[Effect of intracoronary and intravenous administration of tirofiban loading dose in patients underwent percutaneous coronary interventions because of acute coronary syndrome].

Aim of this multicenter retrospective study was assessment of effect of intracoronary administration of tirofiban loading dose in troponin positive patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We analyzed multicenter data base of patients subjected to percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) because of ST-elevation or non-ST elevation ACS from October 2010 to October 2011. Patients who received loading doses of aspirin (300 mg) and clopidogrel (600 mg) before PCI and tirofiban (10 mg/kg bolus with subsequent infusion 0.

[Significance of echocardiography in acute coronary syndrome].

The paper contains description of possibilities and limitations of ultrasound diagnosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Main attention is paid to possibilities of echocardiographic diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) and its complications, as well as to differential diagnostics of ACS and nonischemic conditions causing chest pain and infarction-like ECG changes. Data are presented demonstrating substantial lowering of rates of some complications of MI in patients subjected to thrombolytic therapy or interventional procedures of myocardial revascularization.

[Clinico-economical aspects of cardioversion of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation at phehospital stage and during hospitalization].

We carried out clinico-economical analysis of 2 tactics of rhythm restoration in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) lasting less than 48 hours: cardioversion at prehospital stage with intravenous procainamide and inhospital cardioversion with any method. This retrospective study was based on the data from department of urgent aid of an outpatient clinic. The results showed that within 48 hours inhospital was a was more effective, safe, and more economically profitable compared with administration of procainamide at prehospital stage.

[The use of computer pulse oximetry monitoring for screening of sleep apnea in patients of a hospital cardiology department].

In order to assess the overall prevalence of sleep apnea of obstructive and central origin in of patients hospital cardiology department we performed continuous pulse oximetry monitoring during sleep in all patients admitted over 2 months. Of the 139 patients reliable results were obtained in 125 (89.9%).

[The pulse wave velocity and fatal events rate in hypertensive patients have gone through acute coronary syndrome].

There are several stratification scales of major cardiovascular events rate for patients have gone through acute coronary syndrome (ACS). None of them is perfect one. Arterial hypertension is included into some scales for post ACS patients but the features of it and its impact on coronary artery disease after ACS have never studied before.

[Two years experience of the use of a penetration catheter (Tornus) recanalization during percutaneous coronary interventions on chronic total occlusions].

We included in this study 43 patients chronic total occlusions (CTO) subjected percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) with the use of penetration catheter (Tornus) in 2009-2010. Penetration catheter was applied only in those cases when it was not possible to introduce low profile coronary dilatation catheter into the site of occlusion. After penetration of CTO by a guide wire a channel was formed by a manually rotated penetration catheter.