Hematologists' state of knowledge on practical aspects of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in adult patients: A Young Hematologists' Club survey.

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome with various etiologies. Its treatment is complicated by several important but not immediately obvious issues (e.g.

The effect of early life immune challenge on adult forced swim test performance and hippocampal neurogenesis.

Many psychiatric diseases can be considered neurodevelopmental in nature and accumulating evidence links immune system dysfunction to disease etiology. Yet, it is currently unknown how the immune system alters brain function through development to increase susceptibility to psychiatric illness. Neonatal immune challenge in rodents is a neurodevelopmental model that has been associated with long-term molecular and behavioural changes in stress-reactivity.

Differential Mueller matrix imaging of partially depolarizing optically anisotropic biological tissues.

Since recently, a number of innovative polarization-based optical imaging modalities have been introduced and extensively used in various biomedical applications, with an ultimate aim to attain the practical tool for the optical biopsy and functional characterization of biological tissues. The techniques utilize polarization properties of light and Mueller matrix mapping of microscopic images of histological sections of biological tissues or polycrystalline films of biological fluids. The main drawback of currently developed laser polarimetry approaches and Mueller matrix mapping techniques is poor reproducibility of experimental data.

Relationships between diets and the quality of life to women aged 50 to 64.

Background: Adverse effects of numerous environmental factors, including improperly balanced diets, may accelerate the onset of ailments related to the climacteric period.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the relationships between diets and the quality of life of working women aged 50-64 years.

Material And Methods: The study included 274 working women aged 55.

Carotid Flow as a Surrogate for Cardiac Output Measurement in Hemodynamically Stable Participants.

Objective: Evaluation of common carotid artery (CCA) blood flow can provide valuable information regarding the hemodynamic status of a patient. Utilizing ultrasound, we aimed to evaluate the correlation between cardiac output and different hemodynamic parameters in the CCA, namely systolic carotid flow (SCF), corrected flow time (CFT), and total carotid flow (TCF).

Methods: We studied a pilot sample of 20 healthy volunteers.

Antimanic Efficacy of a Novel Kv3 Potassium Channel Modulator.

Kv3.1 and Kv3.2 voltage-gated potassium channels are expressed on parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons in corticolimbic brain regions and contribute to high-frequency neural firing.

Probing the lithium-response pathway in hiPSCs implicates the phosphoregulatory set-point for a cytoskeletal modulator in bipolar pathogenesis.

The molecular pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BPD) is poorly understood. Using human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to unravel such mechanisms in polygenic diseases is generally challenging. However, hiPSCs from BPD patients responsive to lithium offered unique opportunities to discern lithium's target and hence gain molecular insight into BPD.

In vivo optogenetic stimulation of the rodent central nervous system.

The ability to probe defined neural circuits in awake, freely-moving animals with cell-type specificity, spatial precision, and high temporal resolution has been a long sought tool for neuroscientists in the systems-level search for the neural circuitry governing complex behavioral states. Optogenetics is a cutting-edge tool that is revolutionizing the field of neuroscience and represents one of the first systematic approaches to enable causal testing regarding the relation between neural signaling events and behavior. By combining optical and genetic approaches, neural signaling can be bi-directionally controlled through expression of light-sensitive ion channels (opsins) in mammalian cells.

Daytime spikes in dopaminergic activity drive rapid mood-cycling in mice.

Disruptions in circadian rhythms and dopaminergic activity are involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder, though their interaction remains unclear. Moreover, a lack of animal models that display spontaneous cycling between mood states has hindered our mechanistic understanding of mood switching. Here, we find that mice with a mutation in the circadian Clock gene (ClockΔ19) exhibit rapid mood-cycling, with a profound manic-like phenotype emerging during the day following a period of euthymia at night.

Laser polarization autofluorescence of endogenous porphyrins of optically anisotropic biological tissues and fluids in diagnostics of necrotic and pathological changes of human organs.

This research presents the results of investigation of laser polarization fluorescence of biological layers (histological sections, cytological smears). The polarization structural properties of autofluorescent images of human biological tissues layers and fluids were found and investigated. A model describing the formation of polarizationally heterogeneous images of optically anisotropic biological layers is suggested.

Spatial-frequency selection of complex degree of coherence of laser images of blood plasma in diagnostics and differentiation of pathological states of human organism of various nosology.

The theoretical background of correlation and phase analysis of laser images of human blood plasma with the spatial-frequency selection of the manifestations of mechanisms of linear and circular birefringence of albumin and globulin is presented. The comparative results of measuring the coordinate distributions of the module of complex degree of coherence (CDC) of laser images of blood plasma taken from the patients of three groups--healthy patients (donors), the patients suffering from the rheumatoid arthritis, and those with stomach cancer (adenocarcinoma)--are shown. The values and ranges of change of the statistical (moments of the first-fourth orders), correlation (excess of autocorrelation functions), and fractal (slopes of approximating curves and dispersion of the extremes of logarithmic dependencies of power spectra) parameters of CDC coordinate distributions are studied.

Timing matters: using optogenetics to chronically manipulate neural circuitry and rhythms.

The ability to probe defined neural circuits with both the spatial and temporal resolution imparted by optogenetics has transformed the field of neuroscience. Although much attention has been paid to the advantages of manipulating neural activity at millisecond timescales in order to elicit time-locked neural responses, little consideration has been given to the manipulation of circuit activity at physiologically relevant times of day, across multiple days. Nearly all biological events are governed by the circadian clock and exhibit 24 h rhythms in activity.

Referral and follow-up after mental health screening in commercially insured adolescents.

Purpose: Although mental health screening is recommended for adolescents, little is known about the predictors of referral to mental health services or engagement in treatment. We examined predictors of mental health referral from primary care and service use for commercially insured youth who had been screened using the Pediatric Symptom Checklist or Youth-Pediatric Symptom Checklist.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of commercially insured patients 14-17 years of age who were newly identified by the Pediatric Symptom Checklist or Youth-Pediatric Symptom Checklist at a well-child visit.

Circadian clocks, brain function, and development.

Circadian clocks are temporal interfaces that organize biological systems and behavior to dynamic external environments. Components of the molecular clock are expressed throughout the brain and are centrally poised to play an important role in brain function. This paper focuses on key issues concerning the relationship among circadian clocks, brain function, and development, and discusses three topic areas: (1) sleep and its relationship to the circadian system; (2) systems development and psychopathology (spanning the prenatal period through late life); and (3) circadian factors and their application to neuropsychiatric disorders.

An update on antidepressant use in bipolar depression.

The effective treatment of depression in people with bipolar disorder remains a clinical challenge. The role of antidepressant medication in treating bipolar depression has been controversial. While early studies and meta-analyses supported a role for antidepressant medication, more recent, high quality randomized controlled trials in bipolar depression have generally not demonstrated efficacy for antidepressant medications.

Developmental alterations in CNS stress-related gene expression following postnatal immune activation.

Early-life adversity is associated with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and increased susceptibility to later-life psychopathology. Specifically, there is mounting evidence suggesting that the immune system plays an important role in central nervous system (CNS) development and in the programing of behavior. The current study investigated how early-life immune challenge affects the development of CNS stress neurocircuitry by examining the gene expression profile of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), CRH receptors, and the major corticosteroid receptors within the limbic-hypothalamic circuit of the developing rodent brain.

Fourier-Stokes polarimetry of laser radiation scattered fields for diagnostics of dystrophic changes of biological tissues histological sections.

The optical model of polycrystalline networks of histological sections of rectum wall is suggested. The results of investigating the interrelation between the values of statistical (statistical moments of the 1st-4th order) and correlation (cross correlation coefficients) parameters are presented. Such parameters characterize the coordinate distributions of the fourth parameter of the Stokes vector of Fourier transforms of laser images of myometrium tissues.

Minichromosome maintenance (MCM) and AgNOR proteins expression in desmoid tumours: a tissue microarray analysis.

In the present study, nuclear proliferative proteins: MCM2, MCM5, MCM7, Ki-67 and AgNORs expression was assessed in paraffin sections from sporadic desmoid tumours using a tissue microarray (TMA)-based immuno- and histochemistry, respectively. Nuclear expression of MCM7, where the percentage of positive cells was 0.87% (± 1.

Specific role of VTA dopamine neuronal firing rates and morphology in the reversal of anxiety-related, but not depression-related behavior in the ClockΔ19 mouse model of mania.

Lithium has been used extensively for mood stabilization, and it is particularly efficacious in the treatment of bipolar mania. Like other drugs used in the treatment of psychiatric diseases, it has little effect on the mood of healthy individuals. Our previous studies found that mice with a mutation in the Clock gene (ClockΔ19) have a complete behavioral profile that is very similar to human mania, which can be reversed with chronic lithium treatment.

Lithium ameliorates nucleus accumbens phase-signaling dysfunction in a genetic mouse model of mania.

Polymorphisms in circadian genes such as CLOCK convey risk for bipolar disorder. While studies have begun to elucidate the molecular mechanism whereby disruption of Clock alters cellular function within mesolimbic brain regions, little remains known about how these changes alter gross neural circuit function and generate mania-like behaviors in Clock-Δ19 mice. Here we show that the phasic entrainment of nucleus accumbens (NAC) low-gamma (30-55 Hz) oscillations to delta (1-4 Hz) oscillations is negatively correlated with the extent to which wild-type (WT) mice explore a novel environment.

Antidepressants for the acute treatment of bipolar depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The role of antidepressants in the acute treatment of bipolar depression remains a contentious issue. A previous meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concluded that antidepressants were effective and safe for bipolar depression. Several trials published since then suggest that antidepressants may not be as beneficial as previously concluded.

A developmental characterization of mesolimbocortical serotonergic gene expression changes following early immune challenge.

An immunogenic challenge during early postnatal development leads to long-term changes in behavioural and physiological measures reflecting enhanced emotionality and anxiety. Altered CNS serotonin (5-HT) signalling during the third postnatal week is thought to modify the developing neurocircuitry governing anxiety-like behaviour. Changes in 5-HT signalling during this time window may underlie increased emotionality reported in early immune challenge rodents.

Infantile haemangiomas: a challenge in paediatric dermatology.

Infantile haemangiomas, common benign vascular tumours of childhood, are characterized by rapid growth during the first year of life and a slow regression that is usually completed at 7-10 years of age. These tumours are composed of endothelial cells with high mitotic rates and stromal components such as fibroblasts, mast cells and pericytes. Haemangiomas become a challenge when they are part of a syndrome, are located in certain areas of the body or when complications develop.