[Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus among blood donors in Segou, Mali].

The purpose of this retrospective study, which examined data collected from January 2007 through September 2010, was to evaluate the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among 2946 new blood donors at the Nianankoro Fomba Hospital (NFH). The overall seroprevalence of HIV was 0.88%, of HBV 5.

[Descriptive study of diabetic foot at the Marc Sankale Diabetes Center. Report of 105 cases].

Introduction: Diabetic foot is a major complication of diabetes due to its frequency and its high risk of evolution to amputation. We report 105 cases recruited at the diabetes centre Marc Sankale.

Method: It's a prospective study including all diabetic patients who attended the diabetes centre for any foot lesion during a one year period.

[Incomplete isosexual puberty, myopathy, and pseudoprolactinoma in a 20-year-old girl with primary hypothyroidism].

Primary hypothyroidism, possibly due to Hashimoto thyroiditis in infancy, led to abnormal puberty in this girl: menstruation began at the age of 16 years, with a cycle duration of 40 days and lack of axillary and pubic hair. Hypertrophic myopathy without myotony was also present, and assays showed very low levels of follicular hormone. The severity of the primary hypothyroidism was shown by the TSH level of 236 microIU/mL, a prolactin level of 390 microU/mL and a large sella turcica.

[Medullary thyroid carcinoma and some of its particularities].

Various studies of medullary thyroid carcinoma have found its apoptosis rate to be very low. Tumor growth is usually progressive but in some cases, rapid progression and high proliferation are seen. Some mutations of the RET proto-oncogene are thought to have a direct or indirect effect on this clinical process.

[Reflections on mental retardation and congenital hypothyroidism: effects of trace mineral deficiencies].

While deficiencies of trace minerals and vitamins are rare in humans eating a variety of food, they can occur in premature infants and those with disturbances in dietary behavior for physical or psychological reasons and during parenteral or enteral nutrition. Some deficiencies - such as iron and iodine - cause such serious specific disorders that they must be considered separately. Congenital hypothyroidism induced by iodine deficiency is a major problem.

[Thyroid diseases in sub-Saharan Africa].

Thyroid gland diseases vary according to the environment. In sub-Saharan Africa, they are also influenced by population isolation and the absence of food self-sufficiency, both factors affecting the onset and persistence of iodine-deficiency goiters. More cosmopolitan diseases are now added to these thyroid disorders.

[Pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes: aspects of its epidemiology, pathophysiology, and symptoms].

Pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with diabetes is characterized by its severity, which some physicians consider to require surgery. Many pathophysiologic explanations have been proposed for this particular disease association, in which cellular immunity is depressed with fewer T lymphocytes in the blood and a diminished capacity for blast transformation. Although the lungs are not generally considered a target organ of diabetes, the English-language literature appears to demonstrate the contrary.

[Long-standing diabetes in Africa and recent ideas about advanced glycation end products: 39 patients in Dakar].

This study included 39 patients with diabetes followed for a mean period of 27.3 +/- 3.9 years.

[Pituitary carcinoma. Anatomic and clinical features of cases reported in literature].

Background And Purpose: Pituitary gland tumors that became aggressive, implying adjacent bone structure and the brain as metastases outside of the cranial box, are referred to as pituitary carcinomas.

Methods: We reviewed 67 cases reported in the literature [44 corticotropic pituitary tumors, 11 PRL tumors, 3 GH tumors, 1 TSH tumor, 3 gonadotropic cell tumors and 5 non-functioning tumors].

Results: The corticotropic tumors occurred in 23 female and 15 males.

[Toxic nodular goiter].

Introduction: To date no study in our country was specifically dedicated on toxic nodular goiter. They were just mentioned in generally studies about hyperthyroidism.

Method: The authors report a retrospective series of 62 cases of toxic nodular goitre collected between 1979 and 1999 at the internal medical clinic of Dakar teaching hospital.

[Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism with sella turcica tumor syndrome: gonadotropic adenoma?].

A 43-year-old patient, known for infertility for ten years, presented hypogonadism (low libido, impotence, low testosteronemia) with hypergonadotropism (high FSH contrasting with low LH) and a tumor syndrome of the sella turcica. The biological, immunohistochemical and clinical features of gonadotropic adenoma are presented.

[Menopause in Africa].

Menopause occurs earlier in African women than European or American women. Multiple parity in a short period of time is the main reason. The myths and beliefs about this stage of life of the African woman are largely unknown.

[Dysthyroidism after 60 years of age].

This work has been conducted on 162 subjects, aged over 60 years, living in Senegal, investigated in the Departement of Biophysics and Nuclear Medecine of Dakar for suspicion of dysthyroidism. The levels of T3, T4 and TSH US hormones were determined by a radio-immunological method. This technique, exhibiting good functionnal sensitivity and its high specificity, is likely to be beneficial to the diagnosis of dysthyroidisms.

[Pheochromocytoma in Dakar: report of nine cases].

Pheochromocytoma is a catecholamine-secreting neoplasm of chromaffin tissue. The most common symptom is hypertension but there are incidentally discovered forms at imaging. From 1981 to 1998, the authors observed nine pheochromocytomas through three hospitals in Dakar.

[Aspects of antihyperglycemic oral bitherapy in 76 cases of non insulindependent diabetes in Dakar].

Some reasons justify the introduction of the association of sulfonylurea and metformine when monotherapy is ineffective. Hereafter a period of monotherapy by sulfonylurea or metformine only bitherapy has been instituted. Socio-demography, number of consultations, type of monotherapy and of association, duration of treatment, body mass index, fasting blood glycemia and post-prandial glycemia, blood pressure and type of complication were studied.

[Emergence of terminal diabetic nephropathy in insulin-dependent diabetes in young Black Africans: report of five cases from Dakar].

The authors have reported five cases of end stage diabetic nephropathy. Thi growing disease has began to reduce vital prognosis of Black african insulin independent diabetic. So, economic and social problem for their resolution (hemodialysis, kidney graft) is going to appear.

[Pheochromocytoma in Africa: rarity, gravity and ectopy].

Pheochromocytoma is one of the main curable etiologies of high blood pressure, although its diagnosis and therapeutic management can be problematical: an incorrect diagnosis or inappropriate treatment may lead to fatal complications. This disease was exceptionally uncommon in the 1950s, and 30 years later about 30 cases had been reported; however, since 1981 there has been a progressive increase in the incidence of pheochromocytoma (48 documented cases in Africa). In Africa, this disease has two particular characteristics: the gravity of the clinical symptoms, mainly due to the physiological and pharmacological effects of catecholamines which as a result of this disease are stored and liberated at very high rates; and the ectopic site in a number of cases.

[Main complications of diabetes mellitus in Africa].

In Africa, a rise in complications of diabetes mellitus has gone in hand with the growing disease prevalence, clearly demonstrating the importance of assessing complications. Diabetes mellitus constitutes a major financial burden in developing countries in Africa with relatively limited resources. Ketoacidosis is observed in 24% of juvenile diabetes and is the inaugural sign in 76% of all cases, progressing to coma in 34%.

[Sheehan's syndrome: experience in Africa].

Ischemic necrosis of the antehypophysis is still observed in developing countries. Its prevalence is unknown, but a significant number of the patients are young women. Traditions of home delivery and lack of obstetrical facilities are the main risk factors.

[Diabetic retinopathy in Dakar and review of African literature: epidemiologic elements].

Literature review shows that in the African Sub-Sahara, prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is between 15 and 52%, the main age being the fifties (between 45.5 and 53.25 years in our cases); after 5 years of diabetes evolution (8.

[Pernicious anemia: the African experience (3 cases reports)].

We report three cases of pernicious anemia diagnosed in women in Africa. All three women had macrocytic anemia with megaloblasts evident on medullogram. The patients had neurological signs of combined sclerosis and the presence of megaloblasts confirmed the diagnosis of pernicious anemia.