British Society of Paediatric Dentistry: A policy document on dental neglect in children.

The British Society of Paediatric Dentistry's (BSPD) first policy document on dental neglect was published online in 2009. It proposed a new original definition of dental neglect, discussed the identification of dental neglect and recommended adopting a tiered response, with three stages of intervention according to level of concern. Furthermore, it detailed how the dental team should both contribute to the child protection process and implement wider measures to safeguard and promote children's welfare.

Adolescence as the Context for Understanding Young Mothers' Engagement with Health Promotion: A Phenomenological Exploration.

Background: The current social construction of young mothers is generally negative, pointing to a lack of engagement with universal services and poor outcomes for their infants and children. However, qualitative studies offer an alternative, more positive construct of young motherhood. Understanding the context of young motherhood can improve the relevance and efficacy of health promotion directed to this group of high-risk mothers.

Common factors in serious case reviews of child maltreatment where there is a medical cause of death: qualitative thematic analysis.

Aim: To identify the common factors in serious case reviews (SCRs) where a child has died of a medical cause.

Design: Qualitative thematic analysis.

Background: SCRs take place when neglect or abuse results in children dying or being seriously harmed.

Classification of sleep-related sudden unexpected death in infancy: A national survey.

Aim: To identify how British Child Death Overview Panels (CDOPs) and paediatric pathologists classify cause of death for sleep-related Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI). To determine compliance with national requirements for SUDI investigation.

Methods: Electronic survey of CDOPs and pathologists using three vignettes of SUDI cases illustrating: accidental asphyxia, typical Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and SIDS with co-sleeping.

A phenomenological exploration of parenting after birth trauma: Mothers perceptions of the first year.

Problem: While perinatal mental health issues are considered to have an impact on a mother's parenting capacity, there is limited research exploring mothers' perceptions of their relationship with their child following traumatic birth experiences and how these might affect their parenting capacity.

Background: Birth trauma is a well-recognised phenomenon which may result in ongoing physical and perinatal mental health difficulties for women. This may impact on their attachment to their children, their parenting capabilities, and their self-identity as mothers.

Quality of investigations into unexpected deaths of infants and young children in England after implementation of national child death review procedures in 2008: a retrospective assessment.

Objectives: In 2008, new statutory national procedures for responding to unexpected child deaths were introduced throughout England. There has, to date, been no national audit of these procedures.

Study Design: Families bereaved by the unexpected death of a child under 4 years of age since 2008 were invited to participate.

National child death review statutory and operational guidance: Key concepts for practising paediatricians.

In October 2018, National Health Service England published new operational guidance for reviewing child deaths, which covers all children who die less than 18 years of age regardless of the cause of death. The Guidance is for all healthcare professionals caring for children as well as senior leaders who commission, provide or regulate children's services. It does not aim to be prescriptive but instead sets out a framework of expectations that intends to be flexible and proportionate.

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and the routine otoacoustic emission infant hearing screening test: an epidemiological retrospective case-control study.

Objectives: To investigate whether decreased otoacoustic emission (OAE) signal recordings in the right ear are associated with an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and to monitor any temporal changes in risk factors.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Setting: Telephone interviews with families recruited in England between July 2016 and October 2017 who experienced the unexpected death of a child <4 years old since 2008 and control families recruited from maternity wards in Bristol and Birmingham.

Self-awareness following a traumatic brain injury in childhood: a developmental perspective.

Unlabelled: Impaired self-awareness is a common consequence following a brain injury that affects engagement in rehabilitation and results in poor long term functional outcomes. Literature regarding self-awareness following a brain injury in childhood is lacking. The aim of this research study was to understand the self-awareness of deficits from a developmental perspective.

Qualitative analysis of serious case reviews into unexpected infant deaths.

Objective: To develop a detailed understanding of the circumstances of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) cases subject to serious case review (SCR).

Design: This was a thematic analysis of SCRs relating to cases of SUDI in England. SCRs were obtained for SUDI cases dying between 1 April 2011 and 31 March 2014.

Maternal filicide in a cohort of English Serious Case Reviews.

A national mixed-methods study of English Serious Case Reviews (SCRs) was carried out to better understand the characteristics and circumstances of maternally perpetrated filicides, to compare these with paternally perpetrated cases, and to identify learning points for mental health professionals. Published reports for all SCRs of children in England dying as a result of abuse or neglect from 2011 to 2014 were subject to qualitative analysis using a system of layered reading and inductive thematic analysis, along with descriptive and comparative quantitative analysis. There were 86 deaths directly attributable to child maltreatment within the immediate family.

The Child Abuse Potential Inventory: Development of an Arabic version.

The Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI) is a well-validated screening tool for assessing potential for child physical abuse, and has been translated into many different languages. To date the CAPI has not been translated into Arabic or used in any studies in Arabic-speaking populations. This study reports on the process of adapting the CAPI into Arabic Language which was undertaken following the International Society of Pharma-economics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) guidelines.

Rigour and Rapport: a qualitative study of parents' and professionals' experiences of joint agency infant death investigation.

Background: In many countries there are now detailed Child Death Review (CDR) processes following unexpected child deaths. CDR can lead to a fuller understanding of the causes for each child's death but this potentially intrusive process may increase the distress of bereaved families. In England, a joint agency approach (JAA) is used where police, healthcare and social services investigate sudden child deaths together and a key part of this is the joint home visit (JHV) where specialist police and paediatricians visit the home with the parents to view the scene of death.

Unintentional asphyxia, SIDS, and medically explained deaths: a descriptive study of outcomes of child death review (CDR) investigations following sudden unexpected death in infancy.

Background: A comprehensive child death review (CDR) program was introduced in England and Wales in 2008, but as yet data have only been analyzed at a local level, limiting the learning from deaths. The aim of this study is to describe the profile of causes and risk factors for sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) as determined by the new CDR program.

Methods: This was a descriptive outcome study using data from child death overview panel Form C for SUDI cases dying during 2010-2012 in the West Midlands region of England.

Parental understanding and self-blame following sudden infant death: a mixed-methods study of bereaved parents' and professionals' experiences.

Objectives: Improvements in our understanding of the role of modifiable risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) mean that previous reassurance to parents that these deaths were unpreventable may no longer be appropriate. This study aimed to learn of bereaved parents' and healthcare professionals' experiences of understanding causes of death following detailed sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) investigations. The research questions were: How do bereaved parents understand the cause of death and risk factors identified during detailed investigation following a sudden unexpected infant death? What is the association between bereaved parents' mental health and this understanding? What are healthcare professionals' experiences of sharing such information with families?

Design: This was a mixed-methods study using a Framework Approach.

'Tweaking' the model for understanding and preventing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in Low Income Countries: "inserting new ideas into a timeless wine skin".

Background: Maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in Low Income Countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa involves numerous interrelated causes. The three-delay model/framework was advanced to better understand the causes and associated Contextual factors. It continues to inform many aspects of programming and research on combating maternal and child morbidity and mortality in the said countries.

Deaths in children with epilepsies: a UK-wide study.

Purpose: This UK-wide review of deaths in children with epilepsies was undertaken to ascertain any demographic, clinical, organisational, or management factors associated with the deaths, and to determine the extent to which any of these may have deviated from nationally agreed best practice.

Method: Paediatricians across the UK were asked to notify any deaths in children with epilepsies over a 10-month period. Hospital and community case notes were reviewed by pairs of case assessors using a structured assessment tool combining holistic and criterion-based approaches.

International comparison of sudden unexpected death in infancy rates using a newly proposed set of cause-of-death codes.

Background: Comparing rates of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) in different countries and over time is difficult, as these deaths are certified differently in different countries, and, even within the same jurisdiction, changes in this death certification process have occurred over time.

Aims: To identify if International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) codes are being applied differently in different countries, and to develop a more robust tool for international comparison of these types of deaths.

Methods: Usage of six ICD-10 codes, which code for the majority of SUDI, was compared for the years 2002-2010 in eight high-income countries.

An evidence-based guide to the investigation of sudden unexpected death in infancy.

Purpose: Many countries now have detailed investigations following sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) but there is no clear evidence as to the most effective way to investigate SUDI. This systematic literature review addresses the following questions: What are the current models of practice for investigating SUDI? What is the evidence to support these investigative models? What are the key factors for effective SUDI investigation?

Methods: This was a systematic review of papers from Europe, North America, and Australasia, detailing models of SUDI investigation or the outcomes of SUDI investigations.

Results: The review includes data detailing four different models of investigation: police-led, coroner or medical examiner-led, healthcare-led or joint agency approach models.