Factors associated with in-hospital mortality of newborns admitted to a special care newborn unit of a tertiary care hospital in southern Bangladesh: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with in-hospital deaths of newborns admitted to a special care newborn unit (SCANU) in southern Bangladesh.

Design: Retrospective cohort.

Setting: SCANU of Patuakhali Medical College Hospital, Patuakhali, Bangladesh.

Air pollution exposure is associated with gene expression in children.

Environmental exposures, including air pollutants and lack of natural spaces, are associated with suboptimal health outcomes in children. We aimed to study the associations between environmental exposures and gene expression in children. Associations of exposure to particulate matter (PM) with diameter <2.

GC-MS and HPTLC Fingerprinting Analysis and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Naga Chilli: An In Vitro and In Silico Approach.

Naga chilli (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) have garnered significant attention due to the plant's possible health benefits and variety of phytochemical components. Utilizing cutting-edge analytical techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) in conjunction with bioautography, this study conducts a thorough phytochemical profiling and biological activity assessment of the Naga chilli plant.

Corrigendum: Long-term exposure to BAY2416964 reduces proliferation, migration and recapitulates transcriptional changes induced by AHR loss in PyMT-induced mammary tumor cells.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.

Synthesis and evaluation of anti-Giardia activity of oseltamivir analogs.

We reported earlier that oseltamivir (Osm, Tamiflu®), an anti-viral agent, inhibits the attachment of trophozoites to intestinal epithelial cells and cyst production in culture. Osm also disassembles lipid rafts (LRs) and the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by Giardia. In the current study, we synthesized forty-one Osm analogs with the derivatization of oseltamivir phosphate.

The Clinical Profile of Heatstroke Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: A Case Series From a Tertiary Care Center in New Delhi, India.

Heat-related illnesses include a spectrum of disorders ranging from heat syncope, muscle cramps, and heat exhaustion to heat emergencies such as heatstroke. Severe heatwaves can lead to extremely high environmental temperatures and a spurt of cases of heat-related illnesses and heatstroke. The incidence of such heat-related medical emergencies was much higher in 2024 compared to previous years throughout North and Central India.

Magnetic Nanoparticle Aggregation and Complete De-encapsulation of Such Aggregates from a Liquid Drop Interior.

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been extensively used for drug delivery, on-demand material deposition, etc. In this study, we demonstrate the capability to extract such MNPs on-demand from a magnetic nanoparticle-laden drop (MNLD) (i.e.

Long-term exposure to BAY2416964 reduces proliferation, migration and recapitulates transcriptional changes induced by AHR loss in PyMT-induced mammary tumor cells.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand activated transcription factor which in certain cancer types drives pro-survival processes that facilitate tumorigenesis, malignant cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Much of AHR's pro-tumorigenic action is due to its activation by the oncometabolite, kynurenine. Because of this AHR antagonists are being actively investigated as new anti-tumor therapy.

All-atom molecular dynamics simulations showing the dynamics of small organic molecules in water-solvated polyelectrolyte brush layers.

Polyelectrolyte brushes can introduce functionality to surfaces and because of this, these brushes have been studied extensively. In many applications, these brushes are used in solutions that contain a variety of molecules. While the interaction between polyelectrolyte brushes and molecules has been studied coarse-grained simulations and experiments, such interaction has not been studied in molecular detail.

Streaming electric field, electroviscous effect, and electrokinetic liquid flows in the induced pressure-driven transport of active liquids in narrow capillaries.

In this paper, we develop a theory for studying the electrokinetic effects in a charged nanocapillary filled with active liquid. The active particles present within the active liquid are self-driven, demonstrate vortex defects, and enforce a circumferentially arranged polarization field. Under such circumstances, there is the development of an induced pressure-gradient-driven transport dictated (similar to diffusioosmotic transport) by the presence of an axial gradient in the activity (or the concentration of the active particles).

Post-mortem utility of Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) and Calcium Binding Protein B (S100B) for differentiating traumatic brain injury from other causes of death.

In forensic pathology, identifying causes of death in traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) devoid of observable signs presents a significant challenge. Post-mortem biochemistry plays a crucial role in forensic medicine, particularly in determining causes of death in TBIs that lack macroscopic or histopathological evidence. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) and S100 Calcium Binding Protein B (S100B) in post-mortem serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as markers for TBI.

Study on the Bioactivity Response of the Newly Developed Zn-Cu-Mn/Mg Alloys for Biodegradable Implant Application.

Scaffolds play a crucial role in bone tissue engineering to support the defect area through bone regeneration and defect reconstruction. Promising tissue regeneration without negative repercussions and avoidance of the lifelong presence inside the body make bioresorbable metals prosper in the field of regenerative medicine. Recently, Zn and its alloys have emerged as promising biodegradable materials for their moderate degradation rate and satisfactory biocompatibility.

Taylor Dispersion and Concentration Profiles of Solutes in the Capillary Transport of Active Liquids.

In this paper, we develop a theory to capture Taylor dispersion and concentration profiles of a solute band transporting in a circular capillary in the presence of a background active fluid flow. Specifically, we consider active liquids containing active particles with vortex defects: under such circumstances, our recent calculations have revealed the generation of (diffusioosmosis-like) induced pressure-gradient-driven fluid flow in the presence of an axial gradient in the activity (or concentration of the active particles). This paper, therefore, captures the solute transport in such activity-gradient-triggered induced pressure-driven background flows.

Strength, number, and kinetics of hydrogen bonds for water confined inside boron nitride nanotubes.

Water has shown a myriad of highly interesting properties and behaviors, such as very low friction, phase transition under unexpected conditions, massive property alterations, inside strong nanoconfinements of few-nanometer to sub-nanometer diameters. Water-water hydrogen bonding is one of the most important factors dictating such water behavior and properties inside such strong nanoconfinements. In this paper, we employ Reactive Force Field (ReaxFF) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for studying multiple facets of such water-water hydrogen bonds (HBs) inside boron-nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) having diameters ranging from a few nanometers to sub-nanometers.

All-atom molecular dynamics simulations of polymer and polyelectrolyte brushes.

Densely grafted polymer and polyelectrolyte (PE) brushes, owing to their significant abilities to functionalize surfaces for a plethora of applications in sensing, diagnostics, current rectification, surface wettability modification, drug delivery, and oil recovery, have attracted significant attention over the past several decades. Unfortunately, most of the attention has primarily focused on understanding the properties of the grafted polymer and the PE chains with little attention devoted to studying the behavior of the brush-supported ions (counterions needed to screen the PE chains) and water molecules. Over the past few years, our group has been at the forefront of addressing this gap: we have employed all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for studying a wide variety of polymer and PE brush systems with specific attention to unraveling the properties and behavior of the brush-supported water molecules and ions.

Assessment of Drug Activities against Using Hyperspectral Raman Microscopy.

This study demonstrates the capability of Raman microscopy for detecting structural differences in cells exposed to different drugs and incubation times. While metronidazole (MTZ) visibly affects the cells by inducing extracellular vesicle releases of toxic iron intermediates and modified triple-bond moieties, oseltamivir (OSM) alters the phenylalanine and lipid structures. Modifications in the heme protein environment and the transformation of iron from ferric to ferrous observed for both drug treatments are more notable for MTZ.

Feasibility Insights of the Green-Assisted Calcium-Phosphate Coating on Biodegradable Zinc Alloys for Biomedical Application: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.

In the field of bone tissue engineering, recently developed Zn alloy scaffolds are considered potential candidates for biodegradable implants for bone regeneration and defect reconstruction. However, the clinical success of these alloys is limited due to their insufficient surface bioactivities. Further, the higher concentration of Zn produced during degradation promotes antibacterial activity, but deteriorates osteogenic properties.

Electrophoretic Deposition of 58S Bioactive Glass- Polymer Composite Coatings on 316L Stainless Steel: An Optimization for Corrosion, Bioactivity, and Cytocompatibility.

This study presents a facile fabrication of 58S bioactive glass (BG)-polymer composite coatings on a 316L stainless steel (SS) substrate using the electrophoretic deposition technique. The suspension characteristics and deposition kinetics of BG, along with three different polymers, namely ethylcellulose (EC), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), have been utilized to fabricate the coatings. Among all coatings, 58S BG and EC polymers are selected as the final composite coating (EC6) owing to their homogeneity and good adhesion.

Biosurfactant-Assisted Cu Doping of Brushite Coatings: Enhancing Structural, Electrochemical, and Biofunctional Properties.

Stainless steel (316L SS) has been widely used in orthopedic, cardiovascular stents, and other biomedical implant applications due to its strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. To address the weak interaction between steel implants and tissues, it is a widely adopted strategy to enhance implant performance through the application of bioactive coatings. In this study, Cu-doped brushite coatings were deposited successfully through pulse electrodeposition on steel substrates facilitated with a biosurfactant (BS) (i.

All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Uncharged Linear Polymer Bottlebrushes: Effect of the Brush Sizes and the Number of Side-Chain Monomers.

Bottlebrush polymers (BBPs), characterized by grafted polymer side chains on linear backbone polymer chain, have emerged as a unique and versatile class of macromolecules with extensive applications in the fields of material science, electronics, battery materials, self-healing technology, etc. In this paper, we employ all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to present a comprehensive study of poly(methyl methacrylate)--poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PMMA--PEtOx) BBP and its structural and hydration properties for varying number of backbone monomers () and side chain monomers (), as well as properties of water molecules supported by the BBP. We find that the radius of gyration follows a scaling of ∼ for smaller grafts and ∼ for longer grafts.

Antidiabetic features of AdipoAI, a novel AdipoR agonist.

Adiponectin is an antidiabetic endogenous adipokine that plays a protective role against the unfavorable metabolic sequelae of obesity. Recent evidence suggests a sinister link between hypoadiponectinemia and development of insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes (T2D). Adiponectin's insulin-sensitizing property is mediated through the specific adiponectin receptors R1 and R2, which activate the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α pathways.

Hydrophilic and Apolar Hydration in Densely Grafted Cationic Brushes and Counterions with Large Mobilities.

We employ an all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation framework to unravel water microstructure and ion properties for cationic [poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl) trimethylammonium chloride] (PMETAC) brushes with chloride ions as counterions. First, we identify locally separate water domains (or first hydration shells) each around {N(CH)} and the C═O functional groups of the PMETAC chain and one around the Cl ion. These first hydration shells around the respective moieties overlap, and the extent of the overlap depends on the nature of the species triggering it.

Resveratrol and 3,3'-Diindolylmethane Differentially Regulate Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Estrogen Receptor Alpha Activity through Multiple Transcriptomic Targets in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells.

Inhibitory crosstalk between estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) regulates 17β-estradiol (E2)-dependent breast cancer cell signaling. ERα and AHR are transcription factors activated by E2 and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), respectively. Dietary ligands resveratrol (RES) and 3,3'diindolylmethane (DIM) also activate ERα while only DIM activates AHR and RES represses it.

Development of Zn-2Cu-Mn/Mg Alloys for Orthopedic Applications: Mechanical Performance to In Vitro Degradation under Different Physiological Environments.

Zinc (Zn) and its alloys are considered futuristic biodegradable materials for their acceptable mechanical properties, suitable corrosion rate, and good biocompatibility. In this study, we report newly developed biodegradable Zn-2CuMn/Mg ( = 0, 0.1, and 0.