Differential Efficacy of Advanced Therapies in Inducing Remission in Ulcerative Colitis Based on Prior Exposure to TNF Antagonists.

Background And Aims: We sought to ascertain how prior exposure to TNF antagonists impacts treatment response with various classes of advanced therapies in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: Through a systematic review of multiple databases through June 30, 2024, we identified 17 RCTs in 8871 adults with moderate-severe UC who were treated with different advanced therapies vs. placebo, and reported efficacy in induction of clinical remission, stratified by prior exposure to TNF antagonists.

Predictive Model for Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Receiving Maintenance Infliximab Therapy.

Background: No models predict future outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients receiving maintenance infliximab therapy. We created a predictive model for unfavorable outcomes.

Methods: Adult patients with IBD receiving maintenance infliximab therapy at 2 centers with matched serum infliximab concentrations and blinded histologic scores (Robarts Histopathologic Index [RHI]) were included.

Long-Term Outcomes of an Infliximab-First Versus Vedolizumab-First Treatment Strategy in Biologic-Naïve Patients With Ulcerative Colitis.

Background: Although studies have compared on-treatment effectiveness of infliximab and vedolizumab in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), there has been limited comparison of treatment sequencing and long-term patient-centred outcomes.

Aim: To compare infliximab-first and vedolizumab-first strategy in biologic-naïve patients with UC.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in biologic-naïve patients with UC who were treated first with either infliximab or vedolizumab between 2015 and 2021 and followed over 30 months following initiation.

Corrigendum to "Differential efficacy of medical therapies for ulcerative colitis according to disease extent: patient-level analysis from multiple randomized controlled trials" volume 72, 102621.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.

Enhancing the Photocatalytic Performance of CsPbBr Nanocrystals through Ferrocene-Assisted Exciton Dissociation and Halide Vacancies.

Excited-state interactions at the interfaces of nanocrystals play a crucial role in determining photocatalytic efficiency. CsPbBr nanocrystals (CPB NCs), celebrated for their exceptional photophysical properties, have been explored for organic photocatalysis. However, their intrinsic limitations, such as charge carrier recombination and stability issues, hinder their full potential.

AGA Living Clinical Practice Guideline on Pharmacological Management of Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis.

Background & Aims: This American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) living guideline is intended to support practitioners in the pharmacological management of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods: A multidisciplinary panel of content experts and guideline methodologists used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework to prioritize clinical questions, identify patient-centered outcomes, conduct an evidence synthesis, and develop recommendations on the pharmacological management of moderate-to-severe UC.

Results: The AGA guideline panel made 14 recommendations.

Use of Biologic or Targeted Synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs and Cancer Risk.

Importance: The Oral Rheumatoid Arthritis Trial Surveillance demonstrated an increased cancer risk among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) taking tofacitinib compared with those taking tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis). Although international cohort studies have compared cancer outcomes between TNFis, non-TNFi drugs, and Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKis), their generalizability to US patients with RA is limited.

Objective: To assess the comparative safety of TNFis, non-TNFi drugs, and JAKis among US patients with RA (ie, the cancer risk associated with the use of these drugs among these patients).

Efficacy and safety of Advanced Combination Treatment in immune-mediated inflammatory disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objectives: Advanced combination treatment (ACT), defined as a combination of at least 2 biologic agents, a biologic agent and an oral small molecule, 2 oral small molecules drug with different mechanisms of action is a proposed strategy to improve outcomes in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ACT with monotherapy in patients with select IMIDs.

Methods: Through a systematic literature search, we identified 10 RCTs (n = 1154) comparing ACT with single agent therapy (monotherapy).

Spatial distribution, source apportionment, and health risks assessment of trace elements in pre- and post-monsoon soils in the coal-mining region of North Karanpura basin, India.

Coal mining activities in the North Karanpura basin have significantly increased the trace element (TE) concentrations in the soil, resulting in soil pollution and potential health risks. To assess this, 113 soil samples, along with coal, shale, and overburden rocks, were collected from open-cast mining areas during pre-monsoon (Pre-M) and post-monsoon (Post-M) seasons. Seasonal analysis revealed higher TE concentrations in the Post-M period, especially in the SE direction, followed by NE and NW, likely due to surface runoff and deposition, demonstrating temporal variability in TE distribution which corroborated from the spatial distribution maps.

Role of Charge Density and Surface Area of Tailored Ionic Porous Organic Polymers for Adsorption and Antibacterial Actions.

The development of high-performance adsorbents for environmental remediation is a current need, and ionic porous organic polymers (iPOPs), due to their high physicochemical stability, high surface area, added electrostatic interaction, and easy reusability, have already established themselves as a better adsorbent. However, research on the structural design of high-performance iPOP-based adsorbents is still nascent. This study explored the building blocks' role in optimizing the polymers' charge density and surface area to develop better polymeric adsorbents.

Medical Therapies for Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Pouch Disorders-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Pouchitis and Crohn's-like disease of the pouch (CLDP) are common in patients who undergo ileal pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. We conducted separate systematic reviews to evaluate the effectiveness of available interventions to prevent and treat pouchitis and CLDP.

Methods: Through systematic literature reviews, we identified studies that evaluated the effectiveness of probiotics, antibiotics, 5-aminosalicylates, nonsystemic oral corticosteroids, and advanced therapies for prevention and treatment of pouchitis and CLDP for meta-analysis.

Interventions for Adjunctive Care in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Permanent Ileostomy: A Systematic Review.

Background: The evidence for the management of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and permanent ileostomy (PI) is limited. We aimed to summarize the interventional studies related to the provision of adjunctive ostomy care in this population.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from inception to January 5, 2024.

Comparative Efficacy of Advanced Therapies for Management of Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis: 2024 American Gastroenterological Association Evidence Synthesis.

Background & Aims: We performed an updated systematic review and network meta-analysis to inform the 2024 American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) Clinical Guidelines on the management of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods: We searched multiple electronic databases through November 21, 2023, to identify randomized controlled trials in adults with moderate-to-severe UC, comparing different advanced therapies (tumor necrosis factor antagonists, vedolizumab, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators, interleukin 12/23 or selective interleukin 23 antagonists, and Janus kinase [JAK] inhibitors) against placebo or another active comparator. Our primary outcomes were induction and maintenance of clinical remission, and our secondary outcome was endoscopic improvement.

Placebo Rates in Crohn's Disease Randomized Clinical Trials: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis.

Background & Aims: Understanding placebo rates is critical for efficient clinical trial design. We assessed placebo rates and associated factors using individual patient data from Crohn's disease trials.

Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of phase 2/3 placebo-controlled trials evaluating advanced therapies in moderate to severe Crohn's disease (2010-2021).

Meta-analysis: Risk of lymphoma in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in population-based cohort studies.

Background: There are inconsistencies in the results of the studies investigating the association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and lymphoma.

Aims: The aim of this study is to systematically appraise the risk of lymphoma development in patients with IBD.

Methods: We searched Embase, PubMed and Scopus from inception to 30 April 2024 to identify population-based cohort studies that evaluated the risk of lymphoma in patients with IBD in comparison with those without IBD.

Management of complications in patients with an ileostomy: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the EndOTrial Consortium.

Background: Standardized clinical care processes for patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and a permanent ileostomy (PI) are lacking. The EndOTrial consortium aims to address this gap by developing pathways for care.

Methods: In this umbrella review, we searched major databases for relevant systematic reviews (SRs) or scoping reviews (ScR) published until January 5, 2024.

Epidemiology of Elderly Onset IBD: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background And Aims: We examined the incidence and natural history of patients with very elderly onset (herein referred to as very late-onset) inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) (≥ 70 years of age at diagnosis), compared with patients diagnosed between 60 and 69 years of age in Denmark.

Methods: In the Danish National Patient Register, between 1980 and 2018, we identified all individuals ≥ 60 years of age with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and examined trends in incidence, cumulative risk of hospitalization, treatment patterns, IBD-related surgery, serious infection, cancer and cardiovascular and venous thromboembolic risks among very late-onset (70-79 years of age or 80+ years) vs late-onset (60-69 years of age) IBD, using nonparametric competing risk analysis treating death as competing risk.

Results: We identified 3459 patients with onset of CD at ≥60 years of age (47% ≥ 70 years of age) and 10,774 patients with onset of UC ≥60 years of age (51% ≥ 70 years of age).

Global Prevalence of Advanced Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis in the General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: Limited data exist regarding the estimate of the prevalence of advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in the general population. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the global prevalence and risk factors of advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Methods: We searched Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to April 30 2024, with no language restriction.

Comparative Efficacy of Biologics and Small Molecule in Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: Treatment options for moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC) are increasing rapidly, but the lack of comparative efficacy trials makes treatment choices a clinical challenge. This network-meta-analysis aimed to compare the relative efficacy of biologics and small molecules in achieving remission in patients with moderate to severe UC.

Methods: The literature was searched up to May 2024.