Pediatric nephrolithiasis (NL) or Kidney stone disease (KSD) is an untethered topic in Asian population. In Western countries, the annual incidence of paediatric NL is around 6-10%. Here, we present data from West Bengal, India, on lower age (LA, 0-20 years) NL and its prevalence for the first time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA diode-pumped, air-cooled, all-fiber, quasi-continuous-wave thulium laser at an operating wavelength of 1.94 μm has been designed to study the performance of the laser parameter on the rate of fragmentation and its dependence on stone composition, fragmented particle size, as well as the retropulsion effect. The optimized laser cavity with an active fiber core/cladding diameter of 10/130 μm under a counter-propagating pump provides a stable laser power of 30 W at a slope efficiency of 50% and wall plug efficiency of 17%.
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