Two H3K23 histone methyltransferases, SET-32 and SET-21, function synergistically to promote nuclear RNAi-mediated transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Nuclear RNAi in C. elegans induces a set of transgenerationally heritable marks of H3K9me3, H3K23me3, and H3K27me3 at the target genes. The function of H3K23me3 in the nuclear RNAi pathway is largely unknown due to the limited knowledge of H3K23 histone methyltransferase (HMT).

The Effect of Alendronate on Subsidence After Lateral Transpsoas Interbody Fusion: A Preliminary Report.

Background: Success after lateral transpsoas interbody fusion (LLIF) partially depends on avoidance of subsidence to maintain spinal alignment, disc space height, and indirect neural decompression. Techniques for preventing subsidence have focused largely on surgical and biomechanical properties of spinal reconstruction; however, medical management may also affect subsidence rates as well. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of alendronate on minimally invasive LLIF patients with regard to radiographic and catastrophic subsidence.

Identifying the Risk of Swallowing-Related Pulmonary Complications in Older Patients With Hip Fracture.

To identify and potentially modify the risk of pulmonary complications in a group of older patients with hip fracture, the authors obtained speech and language pathology consultations for these patients. Then they performed a retrospective chart review of all patients 65 years and older who were admitted to their institution between June 2011 and July 2013 with acute hip fracture, were treated surgically, and had a speech and language pathology evaluation in the immediate perioperative period. The authors identified 52 patients who met the study criteria.

Comparative cytogenetic characterization of primary canine melanocytic lesions using array CGH and fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Melanocytic lesions originating from the oral mucosa or cutaneous epithelium are common in the general dog population, with up to 100,000 diagnoses each year in the USA. Oral melanoma is the most frequent canine neoplasm of the oral cavity, exhibiting a highly aggressive course. Cutaneous melanocytomas occur frequently, but rarely develop into a malignant form.

Cumulative impact of periodic top-down communications on infection prevention practices and outcomes in two units.

Background: The problem of interest in this study is the challenge of consistent implementation of evidence-based infection prevention practices at the unit level, a challenge broadly characterized as "change implementation failure." The theoretical literature suggests that periodic top-down communications promoting tacit knowledge exchanges across professional subgroups may be effective for enabling change in health care organizations. However, gaps remain in understanding the mechanisms by which top-down communications enable practice change at the unit level.

Genetic heterogeneity beyond CYP2C8*3 does not explain differential sensitivity to paclitaxel-induced neuropathy.

The development of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is influenced by drug exposure and patient genetics. The purpose of this analysis was to expand on a previous reported association of CYP2C8*3 and PIPN risk by investigating additional polymorphisms in CYP2C8 and in hundreds of other genes potentially relevant to paclitaxel pharmacokinetics. Clinical data was collected prospectively in an observational registry of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients.

Role of communication content and frequency in enabling evidence-based practices.

Many hospitals are unable to successfully implement evidence-based practices. For example, implementation of the central line bundle (CLB), proven to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs), is often challenging. This problem is broadly characterized as a "change implementation failure.

Evaluation of calling algorithms for array-CGH.

Copy number variation (CNV) detection has become an integral part many of genetic studies and new technologies promise to revolutionize our ability to detect and link them to disease. However, recent studies highlight discrepancies in the genome wide CNV profile when measured by different technologies and even by the same technology. Furthermore, the change point algorithms used to call CNVs can have substantial disagreement on the same data set.

The evolution of knowledge exchanges enabling successful practice change in two intensive care units.

Background: Many hospitals are unable to consistently implement evidence-based practices. For example, implementation of the central line bundle (CLB), known to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs), is often challenging. This problem is broadly characterized as "change implementation failure.

Metal-dependent reaction tuning with cyclopentylmetal reagents: application to the asymmetric synthesis of (+)-alpha-conhydrine and (S)-2-cyclopentyl-2-phenylglycolic acid.

The reaction profile of the cyclopentyl organometallic reagents with the aliphatic ketones can be tuned to reduction or addition by changing the metal atom. Cyclopentylmagnesium bromide (CPMB) reduces aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes and ketones to the corresponding alcohols without any C-C bond formation and shows good diastereoselectivity in the reduction of the substituted cyclic and polycyclic ketones as well as chiral alpha-oxygenated aliphatic ketones. However, in the presence of 10 mol % of ZnCl(2), the cyclopentylmagnesium halides follow a normal Grignard addition to the ketones to give tertiary alcohols with complete diastereoselectivity.