Intranasal insulin administration affecting perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction by regulating calcium transport protein complex IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1 on MAMs.

Unlabelled: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are common complications following surgery and anesthesia, especially in the elderly. These disorders are associated with disruptions in neuronal energy metabolism and mitochondrial function. This study explores the potential of intranasal insulin administration as a therapeutic strategy to prevent PND by targeting the calcium transport protein complex IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1 on mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs).

Ferrostatin-1 improves neurological impairment induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury in the spinal cord through ERK1/2/SP1/GPX4.

Spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury (SCIRI) induced by artificial aortic occlusion for a while during aortic surgery is a serious complication, leading to paraplegia and even death. Ferroptosis in the nervous system has been confirmed to contribute to neuronal death induced by SCIRI. Therefore, we investigated the therapeutic benefits of ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor) and explored the mechanism and target of Fer-1 in SCIRI.

Sustained remission of type 2 diabetes in rodents by centrally administered fibroblast growth factor 4.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major health and economic burden worldwide. Despite the availability of multiple drugs for short-term management, sustained remission of T2D is currently not achievable pharmacologically. Intracerebroventricular administration of fibroblast growth factor 1 (icvFGF1) induces sustained remission in T2D rodents, propelling intense research efforts to understand its mechanism of action.

Eph receptor A4 regulates motor neuron ferroptosis in spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

Previous studies have shown that the receptor tyrosine kinase Eph receptor A4 (EphA4) is abundantly expressed in the nervous system. The EphA4 signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating motor neuron ferroptosis in motor neuron disease. To investigate whether EphA4 signaling is involved in ferroptosis in spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury, in this study we established a rat model of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury by clamping the left carotid artery and the left subclavian artery.

rFGF4 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious and common clinical disease. Despite significant progress in ALI treatment, the morbidity and mortality rates remain high. However, no effective drug has been discovered for ALI.

Anesthesia and surgery-induced elevation of CSF sTREM2 is associated with early cognitive dysfunction after thoracoabdominal aortic dissection surgery.

Purpose: Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) concentration is increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in early symptomatic phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated whether CSF sTREM2 has a relationship with early cognitive dysfunction following surgery in cardiac surgery patients.

Methods: A total of 82 patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic replacement were recruited in this study.

TREM2 improves neurological dysfunction and attenuates neuroinflammation, TLR signaling and neuronal apoptosis in the acute phase of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Neuroinflammation contributes to secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) confers strong neuroprotective effect by suppressing neuroinflammatory response in experimental ischemic stroke. This study aimed to clarify the neuroprotective role of TREM2 and potential underlying mechanism in a mouse model of ICH and .

TREM2 Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative Stress Response and Neuroinflammation by Promoting Sirtuin3 in BV2 Cells.

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) plays a crucial role in modulating microglial-mediated neuroinflammation. The NAD-dependent deacetylase protein Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) regulates mitochondrial oxidative stress response and neuroinflammation. TREM2 deficiency impairs the denovo synthesis pathway of NAD.

PPARγ Mediates the Anti-Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Effects of FGF1 in Chronic Kidney Diseases via Inhibition of TGF-β1/SMAD3 Signaling.

Podocytes are essential components of the glomerular basement membrane. Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) in podocytes results in proteinuria. Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) protects renal function against diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Chronic unpredictable stress exacerbates surgery-induced sickness behavior and neuroinflammatory responses via glucocorticoids secretion in adult rats.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley adult male rats (12-14 weeks old) were exposed to 14-day CUS and then subjected to partial hepatectomy 24 h after the last stress session. The rats were pretreated with an antagonist of the glucocorticoids (GCs) receptor RU486 (30 mg/kg, i.p.