Haves and have-nots: socioeconomic position improves accuracy of machine learning algorithms for predicting high-impact chronic pain.

Lower socioeconomic position (SEP) is associated with increased risk of developing chronic pain, experiencing more severe pain, and suffering greater pain-related disability. However, SEP is a multidimensional construct; there is a dearth of research on which SEP features are most strongly associated with high-impact chronic pain, the relative importance of SEP predictive features compared to established chronic pain correlates, and whether the relative importance of SEP predictive features differs by race and sex. This study used 3 machine learning algorithms to address these questions among adults in the 2019 National Health Interview Survey.

Protocol to study the photosynthetic response of maize to the CO-temperature coupling effect at ear stage using a specialized designed gradient.

Global warming will change the photosynthesis and transpiration of plants greatly and ultimately affect water use efficiency (WUE). Here, we present a protocol to investigate the response of maize WUE to the coupling effect of CO and temperature at ear stage using a specialized designed gradient. We describe steps for plant culture, parameter measurements, model fitting, and statistical analysis.

Response of WUE of maize at ear stage to the coupling effect of CO and temperature.

In the face of global warming, the photosynthesis and transpiration of plants will change greatly, which will ultimately affect the water use efficiency (WUE) of plants. In order to study the coupling effects of CO and temperature on WUE of maize at ear stage, 'Zhengdan 958' was taken as the research object, and 5 temperatures (20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C and 40 °C) and 11 CO concentration (400, 300, 200, 150, 100, 50, 400, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 μmol mol) were set to measure the parameters such as net photosynthetic rate (), transpiration rate (), stomatal conductance () and intercellular CO concentration () of single leaves. The response of WUE (/) to CO and temperature was evaluated by a CO response model.

Racial/Ethnic Heterogeneity in Parental Wealth and Substance Use from Adolescence to Young Adulthood.

Background: Substance use has a negative impact on health outcomes, at the individual and population levels. Little consensus exists regarding the relationship between socioeconomic position and substance use across race/ethnicity. This study examines how race/ethnicity and socioeconomic factors, especially parental wealth, are associated with substance use across an 18-year span from adolescence to young adulthood.

Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Financial Capability and Health in Later Life: Evidence From Hong Kong.

Background And Objectives: Financial capability, comprising financial literacy, access, and behavior, can influence an individual's ability to effectively use financial resources, thus affecting their health and well-being. However, studies have predominantly focused on financial literacy and overlooked a more comprehensive measure of financial capability and its health impacts. Furthermore, although financial capability is shaped profoundly by gender, there is limited knowledge of the role of gender in these associations.

Building Financial Capability and Assets to Reduce Poverty and Health Disparities: Race/Ethnicity Matters.

Background: Evidence has documented racial wealth inequity as one of the key pathways linking structural racism and racial health inequity. Most prior studies on the wealth-health relationship use net worth as the measure of wealth. This approach provides little evidence on the most effective interventions as various types of assets and debt affect health differently.

Study on Intelligent Classification of Aging Heat-Resistant Materials.

High chromium martensitic heat-resistant steel is considered as a candidate material for pressure components of the next generation of incinerators of the subcritical level or above in China due to its excellent high-temperature and corrosion resistance, but in the long-term service, aging will significantly affect the service safety of materials. So, accurate identification of its aging state is important to enhance the safety of a power plant. In this paper, an automatic aging grading model of high chromium martensite heat-resistant steel based on the depth residual network is proposed according to different scales of metallographic data.

Racial/ethnic differences in the relationship between wealth and health across young adulthood.

•Wealth attenuated racial differences in self-rated health during young adulthood.•Wealth had consistent incremental effect on health among White & Hispanic Americans.•For Black Americans, wealth was protective of health in the highest wealth quartile.

Is Financial Capability a Determinant of Health? Theory and Evidence.

Financial capability, the combination of financial literacy (ability to act) and financial access (opportunity to act), improves people's access to resources, and thus has the potential to improve health and well-being. This paper positions financial capability under the framework of social determinants of health and discusses theory and presents empirical evidence on the link between financial capability and health. Using data from the RAND American Life Panel and the structural equation modeling approach, we distinguish financial capability from the common socioeconomic position indicators such as income and education.

Household Financial Capability and Economic Hardship: An Empirical Examination of the Financial Capability Framework.

Unlabelled: This study investigates the components and mechanisms of the financial capability framework using national representative data from the 2015 National Financial Capability Study with the structural equation modeling approach. We find financial socialization and financial education are significantly associated with both financial access and financial literacy, which are associated with positive financial behavior and negatively associated with economic hardship. We further find that financial access plays a more pronounced role in the mediation effects decomposition compared to financial literacy.

The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a family-based economic empowerment intervention (Suubi + Adherence) on suppression of HIV viral loads among adolescents living with HIV: results from a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial in southern Uganda.

Introduction: Evidence from low-resource settings indicates that economic insecurity is a major barrier to HIV treatment adherence. Economic empowerment (EE) interventions have the potential to improve adherence outcomes among adolescents living with HIV (ALWHIV) by mitigating the effects of poverty. This study aims to assess the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a savings-led family-based EE intervention, Suubi + Adherence, aimed at improving antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence outcomes ALWHIV in Uganda.

Impact of a Family Economic Intervention (Bridges) on Health Functioning of Adolescents Orphaned by HIV/AIDS: A 5-Year (2012-2017) Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial in Uganda.

To investigate the long-term impacts of a family economic intervention on physical, mental, and sexual health of adolescents orphaned by AIDS in Uganda. Students in grades 5 and 6 from 48 primary schools in Uganda were randomly assigned at the school level (cluster randomization) to 1 of 3 conditions: (1) control (n = 487; 16 schools), (2) Bridges (1:1 savings match rate; n = 396; 16 schools), or (3) Bridges PLUS (2:1 savings match rate; n = 500; 16 schools). At 24 months, compared with participants in the control condition, Bridges and Bridges PLUS participants reported higher physical health scores, lower depressive symptoms, and higher self-concept and self-efficacy.

Cash Transfers and Health.

Financial resources are known to affect health outcomes. Many types of social policies and programs, including social assistance and social insurance, have been implemented around the world to increase financial resources. We refer to these as cash transfers.

Access and utilization of financial services among poor HIV-impacted children and families in Uganda.

With high prevalence of both poverty and HIV, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has one of the highest numbers of unbanked individuals and families. Although the use of savings products to promote financial inclusion among poor individuals and families has increasingly become more important to policy makers in SSA, limited research exists about the mechanisms and relative importance of institutional and individual-level factors associated with access and utilization of financial services. Using survey data and administrative bank records from a randomized controlled trial in southwestern Uganda, we find that given an opportunity, poor HIV-impacted families and individuals can engage with financial institutions and accumulate savings.

Directly Linking Low-Angle Grain Boundary Misorientation to Device Functionality for GaAs Grown on Flexible Metal Substrates.

A new growth method to make highly oriented GaAs thin films on flexible metal substrates has been developed, enabling roll-to-roll manufacturing of flexible semiconductor devices. The grains are oriented in the <001> direction with <1° misorientations between them, and they have a comparable mobility to single-crystalline GaAs at high doping concentrations. At the moment, the role of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) on device performance is unknown.

Evaluation of a savings-led family-based economic empowerment intervention for AIDS-affected adolescents in Uganda: A four-year follow-up on efficacy and cost-effectiveness.

Background: Children who have lost a parent to HIV/AIDS, known as AIDS orphans, face multiple stressors affecting their health and development. Family economic empowerment (FEE) interventions have the potential to improve these outcomes and mitigate the risks they face. We present efficacy and cost-effectiveness analyses of the Bridges study, a savings-led FEE intervention among AIDS-orphaned adolescents in Uganda at four-year follow-up.

High-Performance Flexible Thin-Film Transistors Based on Single-Crystal-like Silicon Epitaxially Grown on Metal Tape by Roll-to-Roll Continuous Deposition Process.

Single-crystal-like silicon (Si) thin films on bendable and scalable substrates via direct deposition are a promising material platform for high-performance and cost-effective devices of flexible electronics. However, due to the thick and unintentionally highly doped semiconductor layer, the operation of transistors has been hampered. We report the first demonstration of high-performance flexible thin-film transistors (TFTs) using single-crystal-like Si thin films with a field-effect mobility of ∼200 cm/V·s and saturation current, I/l > 50 μA/μm, which are orders-of-magnitude higher than the device characteristics of conventional flexible TFTs.