Unique tRNA Fragment Upregulation with SARS-CoV-2 but Not with SARS-CoV Infection.

Unlike other coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly infected the global population, with some suffering long-term effects. Thanks to extensive data on SARS-CoV-2 made available through global, multi-level collaborative research, investigators are getting closer to understanding the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, using publicly available total and small RNAseq data of Calu3 cell lines, we conducted a comparative analysis of the changes in tRNA fragments (tRFs; regulatory small noncoding RNAs) in the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 infections.

An empirical approach and practical framework for a decentralized Ethereum Ecosystem Index (EEI).

Stock market indices are pivotal tools for establishing market benchmarks, enabling investors to navigate risk and volatility while capitalizing on the stock market's prospects through index funds. For participants in decentralized finance (DeFi), the formulation of a token index emerges as a vital resource. Nevertheless, this endeavor is complex, encompassing challenges such as transaction fees and the variable availability of tokens, attributed to their brief history or limited liquidity.

The combined effect of front-of-package labels and influencer recommendations on food choice decisions.

Many governments have adopted front-of-pack nutrition labels (FOP labels) that give advice about how healthy a product is. An increasing number of digital food influencers are also informing consumers about the nutritional quality of products and promoting healthy consumption. In this context, the current study analyzes how both sources of information come together to affect purchase intention.

Sentiment analysis of COVID-19 cases in Greece using Twitter data.

Background: Syndromic surveillance with the use of Internet data has been used to track and forecast epidemics for the last two decades, using different sources from social media to search engine records. More recently, studies have addressed how the World Wide Web could be used as a valuable source for analysing the reactions of the public to outbreaks and revealing emotions and sentiment impact from certain events, notably that of pandemics.

Objective: The objective of this research is to evaluate the capability of Twitter messages () in estimating the sentiment impact of COVID-19 cases in Greece in real time as related to cases.

Ribbon-shaped supramolecular solvents: Synthesis, characterization and potential for making greener the microextraction of water organic pollutants.

Liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME) techniques have experienced a tremendous growth over the last years but still face major challenges related to the use of more efficient and environmentally friendly solvents. Supramolecular solvents (SUPRASs) have proved outstanding efficiency in LLME, but many of the experimental conditions required for SUPRAS formation and/or application cannot be considered green or experimentally convenient. This paper was intended to make greener both SUPRAS formation and their application to the LLME of low-concentration organic pollutants in environmental waters.

Epidemiology of rabies immune globulin use in paediatric and adult patients in the USA: a cross-sectional prevalence study.

Objectives: To compare the epidemiology of paediatric and adult patients receiving rabies immune globulin (RIG).

Design: Cross-sectional prevalence study.

Setting: Eligible participants from the Symphony Integrated Dataverse presenting between 2013 and 2019.

Methanetriyl-pi hydrogen bonding in nonpolar domains of supramolecular nanostructures: An efficient mechanism for extraction of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soils.

Methanetriyl-pi hydrogen bonding (CH-π HB) in nonpolar domains of supramolecular nanostructures is proposed here as a new mechanism to increase the extraction efficiency of aromatic compounds. The approach is illustrated by the extraction of priority carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (CPAHs) in soils using supramolecular nanostructures of carboxylic acids with nonpolar domains consisting of hydrocarbon chains (C6-C10) dispersed in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The high concentration of CH-groups available in the supramolecular nanostructures (38.

A privacy-preserving design for sharing demand-driven patient datasets over permissioned blockchains and P2P secure transfer.

Sharing patient datasets curated by health institutions is critical for the advance of monitoring, surveillance and research. However, patient data is sensitive data and it can only be released under certain conditions and with previous explicit consent. Privacy preserving data sharing provides techniques to distribute datasets minimizing the risk of identification of patients.

Predicting epidemics using search engine data: a comparative study on measles in the largest countries of Europe.

Background: In recent years new forms of syndromic surveillance that use data from the Internet have been proposed. These have been developed to assist the early prediction of epidemics in various cases and diseases. It has been found that these systems are accurate in monitoring and predicting outbreaks before these are observed in population and, therefore, they can be used as a complement to other methods.

Quick and Sensitive Enantioselective Determination of Permethrin in Fruits and Vegetables by Combining Supramolecular Solvents and Chiral Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Permethrin (PM) is one of the chiral insecticides most widely used around the world. The significant differential toxicity of its four enantiomers and its important adverse effects on human health highlights the need for determination of PM enantiomers. The aim of this work was to develop the first enantioselective method for quantification of PM in fruits and vegetables.

Comparing Social media and Google to detect and predict severe epidemics.

Internet technologies have demonstrated their value for the early detection and prediction of epidemics. In diverse cases, electronic surveillance systems can be created by obtaining and analyzing on-line data, complementing other existing monitoring resources. This paper reports the feasibility of building such a system with search engine and social network data.

Halogen bonding for increasing efficiency in liquid-liquid microextraction: Application to the extraction of hexabromocyclododecane enantiomers in river water.

Halogen bonding (XB) was here proposed, for the first time, as a solubilization mechanism for increasing efficiency in the liquid-liquid microextraction of halogenated compounds. The approach was illustrated by the extraction of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) enantiomers in natural waters with a supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) made up of inverted hexagonal aggregates of decanoic acid. The XB and dispersion interactions offered by the SUPRAS were able to extract the six HBCD enantiomers (i.

Speeding up the extraction of hexabromocyclododecane enantiomers in soils and sediments based on halogen bonding.

Halogen bonding (XB), a highly energetic and directional interaction, is here proposed as a new mechanism to increase solute solubilisation in solvent extractions. The approach is illustrated by the extraction of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) enantiomers in soils and sediments using supramolecular solvents (SUPRAS) containing XB donors in their structure. SUPRAS consisting of inverted hexagonal aggregates of decanoic acid, synthesized by water-induced coacervation of the amphiphile in tetrahydrofuran (THF), were explored for this purpose.

Syndromic Surveillance Models Using Web Data: The Case of Influenza in Greece and Italy Using Google Trends.

Background: An extended discussion and research has been performed in recent years using data collected through search queries submitted via the Internet. It has been shown that the overall activity on the Internet is related to the number of cases of an infectious disease outbreak.

Objective: The aim of the study was to define a similar correlation between data from Google Trends and data collected by the official authorities of Greece and Europe by examining the development and the spread of seasonal influenza in Greece and Italy.

The use of a restricted access volatile supramolecular solvent for the LC/MS-MS assay of bisphenol A in urine with a significant reduction of phospholipid-based matrix effects.

Restricted access-volatile supramolecular solvents (RAM-VOL-SUPRAS) are here proposed as a new strategy for the quick removal of protein and phospholipids and efficient analyte extraction in LC-MS bioanalysis. Quantification of bisphenol A in urine was selected to prove the suitability of this approach for the intended purpose. RAM-VOL-SUPRAS were spontaneously synthesized in urine by addition of hexanol (83 μL) dissolved in THF (150 μL).

Isobornyl acrylate: an impurity in alkyl glucosides.

Context: Alkyl glucosides and alkyl poly-glucosides are widely used as wetting agents, surfactants and emulsifiers in several industrial and cosmetic products. They are known as well-tolerated and are usually added to the primary surfactants in order to reduce the irritating potential of the main foaming agents.

Objective: Recently, some authors suggested that allergic contact dermatitis to alkyl glucosides might be more frequent than suspected.

Enantioselective analysis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in freshwater fish based on microextraction with a supramolecular liquid and chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Toxicity of pharmaceuticals to aquatic biota is still largely unknown, and no research on the stereoselective toxicity of chiral drugs to these organisms has been undertaken to date. Because of the lack of analytical methods available for this purpose, this manuscript deals, for the first time, with the enantioselective analysis of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ibuprofen, naproxen and ketoprofen in freshwater fish. The method was based on the microextraction of NSAIDs from fish muscle with a supramolecular liquid made up of inverted hexagonal aggregates of decanoic acid, their enantiomeric separation by liquid chromatography onto a (R)-1-naphthylglycine and 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid stationary phase and quantification by tandem mass spectrometry.

Enantioselective determination of representative profens in wastewater by a single-step sample treatment and chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

This manuscript describes, for the first time, the simultaneous enantioselective determination of ibuprofen, naproxen and ketoprofen in wastewater based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method uses a single-step sample treatment based on microextraction with a supramolecular solvent made up of hexagonal inverted aggregates of decanoic acid, formed in situ in the wastewater sample through a spontaneous self-assembly process. Microextraction of profens was optimized and the analytical method validated.

Fast, simple and efficient supramolecular solvent-based microextraction of mecoprop and dichlorprop in soils prior to their enantioselective determination by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

A simple, sensitive, rapid and economic method was developed for the quantification of enantiomers of chiral pesticides as mecoprop (MCPP) and dichlorprop (DCPP) in soil samples using supramolecular solvent-based microextraction (SUSME) combined with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). SUSME has been described for the extraction of chiral pesticides in water, but this is firstly applied to soil samples. MCPP and DCPP are herbicides widely used in agriculture that have two enantiomeric forms (R- and S-) differing in environmental fate and toxicity.

Stereoselective quantitation of mecoprop and dichlorprop in natural waters by supramolecular solvent-based microextraction, chiral liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry.

Liquid chromatography (LC)/tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) after supramolecular solvent-based microextraction (SUSME) was firstly used in this work for the enantioselective determination of chiral pesticides in natural waters. The method developed for the quantitation of the R- and S-enantiomers of mecoprop (MCPP) and dichlorprop (DCPP) involved the extraction of the herbicides in a supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) made up of reverse aggregates of dodecanoic acid (DoA), analyte re-extraction in acetate buffer (pH = 5.0), separation of the target enantiomers on a chiral column of permethylated α-cyclodextrin under isocratic conditions, and detection of the daughter ions (m/z = 140.

Determination of supplemental feeding needs for astaxanthin and canthaxanthin in salmonids by supramolecular solvent-based microextraction and liquid chromatography-UV/VIS spectroscopy.

Development of simple and rapid analytical methods for predicting supplemental feeding requirements in aquaculture is a need to reduce production costs. In this article, a supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) made up of decanoic acid (DeA) assemblies was proposed to simplify sample treatment in the total and individual determination of carotenoids (red-pink pigments) in farmed salmonids. The analytes were quantitatively extracted in a single step that spends a few minutes using a small volume of SUPRAS (i.

Enantiomer-specific determination of hexabromocyclododecane in fish by supramolecular solvent-based single-step sample treatment and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

A single-step, environmentally friendly sample treatment was developed and used in combination with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the quantitation of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) stereoisomers in fish. It was based on the microextraction of the stereoisomers with a supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) made up of reverse aggregates of decanoic acid (DeA). The procedure involved the stirring of the fish sample (750 mg) with 600 μL of SUPRAS for five minutes, subsequent centrifugation for extract separation from matrix components and direct analysis of the extract after dilution 1:1 with methanol.

Highly efficient microextraction of chlorophenoxy acid herbicides in natural waters using a decanoic acid-based nanostructured solvent prior to their quantitation by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Solvents used in microextraction require high solubilising capability to efficiently extract the target compounds. In this article, nanostructured solvents made up of alkyl carboxylic acids (ACAs) aggregate are proposed for the efficient microextraction of acidic pesticides from natural waters. The target compounds were chlorophenoxy acid herbicides (CPAHs) widely used in agriculture, forestry and gardening (viz.