Pulmonary toxicity assessment of tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors in the treatment of IBD: a real world study based on US food and drug administration adverse events reporting system (FAERS).

Background: Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but there is still a lack of systematic risk assessment for pulmonary toxicity.

Methods: We calculated the pulmonary-related risk signals for four TNF-α inhibitors using the disproportionality analysis and also compared them with the pulmonary-related signals of seven other therapies.

Results: There were 8736 reports of pulmonary-related adverse events (AEs) to TNF-α inhibitors as the 'primary suspect (PS)' therapies.

Investigation of key factors affecting the balance function of older adults.

Background And Aims: Previous studies have focused mainly on individual factors affecting the balance function of older adults. However, it is largely unknown whether the balance functions of older adults are affected by multiple factors occurring simultaneously, and what is predominant among these factors.

Methods: We adopted a cross-sectional study design and recruited 100 older adults from the community.