Activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam and imipenem/relebactam against Gram-negative clinical isolates collected in Mexico-SMART 2017-2021.

Objectives: To investigate the activities of ceftolozane/tazobactam and imipenem/relebactam against , and isolated from hospitalized patients in Mexico in 2017-2021.

Methods: MICs were determined by CLSI broth microdilution and interpreted using CLSI M100 breakpoints. β-Lactamase genes were identified in ceftolozane/tazobactam-, imipenem/relebactam-, and/or imipenem-non-susceptible isolates.

Activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam and imipenem/relebactam against clinical isolates of Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected in Greece and Italy-SMART 2017-2021.

Purpose: The current study evaluated the in vitro activities of ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T), imipenem/relebactam (IMI/REL), and comparators against recent (2017-2021) clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli from two countries in southern Europe.

Methods: Nine clinical laboratories (two in Greece; seven in Italy) each collected up to 250 consecutive gram-negative isolates per year from lower respiratory tract, intraabdominal, urinary tract, and bloodstream infection samples. MICs were determined by the CLSI broth microdilution method and interpreted using 2022 EUCAST breakpoints.

Activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam, imipenem/relebactam and ceftazidime/avibactam against clinical Gram-negative isolates-SMART United States 2019-21.

Background: Ongoing national and international surveillance efforts are critical components of antimicrobial stewardship, resistance monitoring, and drug development programs. In this report, we summarize the results of ceftolozane/tazobactam, imipenem/relebactam, ceftazidime/avibactam and comparator agent testing against 10 509 Enterobacterales and 2524 collected by USA clinical laboratories in 2019-21 as part of the SMART global surveillance programme.

Methods: MICs were determined by CLSI broth microdilution and interpreted using 2023 CLSI M100 breakpoints.

Activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam and imipenem/relebactam against clinical isolates of Enterobacterales and collected in central and northern Europe (Belgium, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland)-SMART 2017-21.

Objectives: To evaluate the activities of ceftolozane/tazobactam and imipenem/relebactam against clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli collected in four central and northern European countries (Belgium, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland) during 2017-21.

Methods: Participating clinical laboratories each collected up to 250 consecutive Gram-negative isolates per year from patients with bloodstream, intraabdominal, lower respiratory tract or urinary tract infections. MICs were determined by CLSI broth microdilution and interpreted using 2022 EUCAST breakpoints.

Susceptibility profile and β-lactamase content of global isolates resistant to ceftolozane/tazobactam and/or imipenem/relebactam-SMART 2016-21.

Objectives: To determine susceptibility profiles and β-lactamase content for ceftolozane/tazobactam-resistant and imipenem/relebactam-resistant isolates collected in eight global regions during 2016-21.

Methods: Broth microdilution MICs were interpreted using CLSI breakpoints. PCR to identify β-lactamase genes or WGS was performed on selected isolate subsets.

In vitro activity of imipenem/relebactam against non-Morganellaceae Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Asia-Pacific region: SMART 2017-2020.

Objectives: To describe the in vitro activity of imipenem/relebactam (IMR) against non-Morganellaceae Enterobacterales (NME) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including piperacillin/tazobactam-nonsusceptible and meropenem-nonsusceptible isolates, infecting hospitalized patients in the Asia-Pacific region.

Methods: From 2017 to 2020, 49 clinical laboratories in nine countries in the Asia-Pacific region participated in the SMART global surveillance program and contributed 26 783 NME and 6383 P. aeruginosa.

In vitro activity of imipenem/relebactam against non-Morganellaceae Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Latin America: SMART 2018‒2020.

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are being isolated from patient specimens with increasing frequency in Latin America and worldwide. The current study provides an initial description of the in vitro activity of imipenem/relebactam (IMR) against non-Morganellaceae Enterobacterales (NME) and P. aeruginosa infecting hospitalized patients in Latin America.

Carbapenem resistance among Gram-negative isolates collected from patients in ICU and non-ICU hospital wards in Hong Kong: SMART 2017-2020.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacterales isolated from infected patients in intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU hospital wards in Hong Kong.

Methods: Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ICU, n = 35; non-ICU, n = 264) and Enterobacterales (ICU, n = 129; non-ICU, n = 1390) were collected in four Hong Kong hospitals in 2017-2020. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2021 M100 breakpoints.

In vitro activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients in Western Europe: SMART 2017-2020.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections compromise both empirical and definitive antimicrobial therapies. The Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) surveillance program identified 943 MDR P. aeruginosa (from a total of 4086 P.

activity of imipenem/relebactam against piperacillin/tazobactam-resistant and meropenem-resistant non- and collected from patients with bloodstream, intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections in Western Europe: SMART 2018-2020.

Piperacillin/tazobactam and carbapenems are important agents for the treatment of serious Gram-negative infections in hospitalized patients. Resistance to both agents is a significant concern in clinical isolates of and ; new agents with improved activity are needed. Publication of current, region-specific data describing the activity of newer agents such as imipenem/relebactam (IMR) against piperacillin/tazobactam-resistant and carbapenem-resistant and are needed to support their clinical use.

activity of imipenem/relebactam against piperacillin/tazobactam-resistant and meropenem-resistant non-Morganellaceae Enterobacterales and collected from patients with lower respiratory tract infections in Western Europe: SMART 2018-20.

Objectives: To describe the activity of imipenem/relebactam against non-Morganellaceae Enterobacterales (NME) and recently isolated from lower respiratory tract infection samples by hospital laboratories in Western Europe.

Methods: From 2018 to 2020, 29 hospital laboratories in six countries in Western Europe participated in the SMART global surveillance programme and contributed 4414 NME and 1995 isolates. MICs were determined using the CLSI broth microdilution method and interpreted by EUCAST (2021) breakpoints.

Activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam and imipenem/relebactam against clinical gram-negative isolates from Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland-SMART 2017-2020.

Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for clinical gram-negative isolates from Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland, where published data for ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) and imipenem/relebactam (IMI/REL) is scarce. C/T was active against 94.3% of Enterobacterales, 10-18% higher than the tested cephalosporins and piperacillin/tazobactam.

Activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients in the Middle East and Africa - Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) 2017-2020.

Objectives: We evaluated the activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T), and comparators against clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates collected for the global Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) surveillance program in ten countries in the Middle East and Africa to augment scarce standardized surveillance data in this region.

Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution and interpreted with European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing breakpoints. P.

Activity of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam, Imipenem-Relebactam, Ceftazidime-Avibactam, and Comparators against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Collected in United States Hospitals According to Results from the SMART Surveillance Program, 2018 to 2020.

Ceftolozane-tazobactam (C/T), imipenem-relebactam (IMR), and ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) were tested against 2,531 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from patients in the United States from 2018 to 2020 as part of the SMART (Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends) surveillance program. MICs were determined by CLSI broth microdilution and interpreted using CLSI M100 (2021) breakpoints.

Activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam against Gram-negative isolates among different infections in Hong Kong: SMART 2017-2019.

Ceftolozane/tazobactam was approved by the Drug Office, Department of Health, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in 2017. Currently the activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam against Gram-negative pathogens isolated from patients in Hong Kong is undocumented. It would be prudent to document the activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam against and Enterobacterales isolated from hospitalized patients in Hong Kong.

Prevalence of ESBL non-CRE Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae among clinical isolates collected by the SMART global surveillance programme from 2015 to 2019.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) non-carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (non-CRE) phenotype among clinical Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates collected in 2018-2019 for the SMART global surveillance programme and review trends in prevalence over 5 years (2015-2019). MICs were determined by CLSI reference broth microdilution. ESBL non-CRE phenotypes were defined as non-susceptible to ceftriaxone (MIC ≥ 2 μg/mL) and susceptible to ertapenem (MIC ≤ 0.

In vitro activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam against Gram-negative isolates collected from ICU patients with lower respiratory tract infections in seven Asian countries-SMART 2017-2019.

Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance is one of the top 10 global public-health threats. Especially high rates of resistance have been reported for isolates from ICU patients, requiring expanded treatment options in this setting. We evaluated the activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam and comparators against Gram-negative isolates collected from patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in ICUs in seven Asian countries.

Ceftolozane/Tazobactam and Imipenem/Relebactam Cross-Susceptibility Among Clinical Isolates of From Patients With Respiratory Tract Infections in ICU and Non-ICU Wards-SMART United States 2017-2019.

Background: Carbapenem-nonsusceptible and multidrug-resistant (MDR) , which are more common in patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and in patients in intensive care units (ICUs), pose difficult treatment challenges and may require new therapeutic options. Two β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) and imipenem/relebactam (IMI/REL), are approved for treatment of hospital-acquired/ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia.

Methods: The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute-defined broth microdilution methodology was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against isolates collected from patients with LRTIs in ICUs (n = 720) and non-ICU wards (n = 914) at 26 US hospitals in 2017-2019 as part of the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) surveillance program.

Activity of imipenem/relebactam and comparators against gram-negative pathogens from patients with bloodstream infections in the United States and Canada - SMART 2018-2019.

Bloodstream infections (BSI) are often caused by drug-resistant pathogens, and novel antimicrobials are needed. We examined the activity of imipenem/relebactam against BSI pathogens from US and Canada: >99% of non-Morganellaceae Enterobacterales, including 100% of MDR isolates, and >94% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were imipenem/relebactam-susceptible. Imipenem/relebactam could provide an important treatment option.

Activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam against Gram-negative isolates from patients with lower respiratory tract infections - SMART United States 2018-2019.

Background: Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) is approved in 70 countries, including the United States, for the treatment of patients with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia caused by susceptible Gram-negative pathogens. C/T is of particular importance as an agent for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The current study summarizes 2018-2019 data from the United States on lower respiratory tract isolates of Gram-negative bacilli from the SMART global surveillance program.

In Vitro Activity of Imipenem/Relebactam Against Gram-Negative Bacilli from Pediatric Patients-Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) global surveillance program 2015-2017.

Background: Studies describing the activity of imipenem/relebactam against gram-negative bacilli (GNB) isolated from pediatric patients are lacking in the peer-reviewed literature. We address this deficiency by reporting on GNB tested against imipenem/relebactam as part of the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends global surveillance program.

Methods: In 2015-2017, 221 laboratories in 59 countries collected 9149 consecutive, aerobic or facultative GNB from pediatric patients (age <18 years) and 100 785 from adult patients with intraabdominal, respiratory, and urinary tract infections.

In Vitro Activity of Imipenem/Relebactam and Ceftolozane/Tazobactam Against Clinical Isolates of Gram-negative Bacilli With Difficult-to-Treat Resistance and Multidrug-resistant Phenotypes-Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends, United States 2015-2017.

Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are frequently defined using the criteria established by Magiorakos et al [Clin Microbiol Infect 2012;18:268-81]. Difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) [Kadri et al, Clin Infect Dis 2018;67:1803-14] is a novel approach to defining resistance in gram-negative bacilli focusing on treatment-limiting resistance to first-line agents (all β-lactams and fluoroquinolones).

Methods: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute-defined broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for imipenem/relebactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, and comparators against respiratory, intraabdominal, and urinary isolates of Enterobacterales (n = 10 516) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 2732) collected in 26 US hospitals in 2015-2017.

activity of imipenem-relebactam against resistant phenotypes of and isolated from intraabdominal and urinary tract infection samples - SMART Surveillance Europe 2015-2017.

Infections attributable to carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli are increasing globally. New antimicrobial agents are urgently needed to treat patients with these infections. To describe susceptibility to the novel carbapenem-β-lactamase inhibitor combination imipenem-relebactam and comparators of clinical isolates of non-Proteeae (NPE) and from intraabdominal infections (IAIs) and urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Activity of Eravacycline against Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated in Clinical Laboratories Worldwide from 2013 to 2017.

Eravacycline is a novel, fully synthetic fluorocycline antibiotic developed for the treatment of serious infections, including those caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. Here, we evaluated the activities of eravacycline and comparator antimicrobial agents against a global collection of frequently encountered clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli. The CLSI broth microdilution method was used to determine MIC data for isolates of ( = 13,983), ( = 2,097), ( = 1,647), and ( = 1,210) isolated primarily from respiratory, intra-abdominal, and urinary specimens by clinical laboratories in 36 countries from 2013 to 2017.

Activity of Eravacycline against Gram-Positive Bacteria Isolated in Clinical Laboratories Worldwide from 2013 to 2017.

Eravacycline is a novel, fully synthetic fluorocycline antibiotic being developed for the treatment of serious infections, including those caused by resistant Gram-positive pathogens. Here, we evaluated the activities of eravacycline and comparator antimicrobial agents against a recent global collection of frequently encountered clinical isolates of Gram-positive bacteria. The CLSI broth microdilution method was used to determine MIC data for isolates of spp.