Fault Tolerant Spectral/Spatial Optical Code Division Multiple Access Passive Optical Network.

High-capacity communication networks are built to provide high throughput and low latency to accommodate the growing demand for bandwidth. However, the provision of these features is subject to a robust underlying network, which can provide high capacity with maximum reliability in terms of the system's connection availability. This work optimizes an existing 2D spectral-spatial optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) passive optical network (PON) to maximize connection availability while maintaining desirable communication capacity and capital expenditure.

Correction: Evaluation of self-cleaning mechanisms for improving performance of roof-mounted solar PV panels: A comparative study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Evaluation of self-cleaning mechanisms for improving performance of roof-mounted solar PV panels: A comparative study.

Solar panel installation is generally exposed to dust. Therefore, soiling on the surface of the solar panels significantly reduces the effectiveness of solar panels. Accumulation of dust also shortens their lifespan and reduces efficiency by about 15% to 20%.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Pressure Ulcers in Bedbound Diabetic vs. Non-diabetic Patients in a Lower-Middle-Income Country.

Introduction Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores, are a significant concern for bedridden individuals, presenting both physical and socioeconomic challenges. Factors such as prolonged immobility, chronic medical conditions, and poor nutrition contribute to their development. Despite extensive research in some regions, studies comparing diabetic and non-diabetic populations remain limited, particularly in low-income settings.

Performance predication of a solar assisted desiccant air conditioning system using radial basis function neural network: An integrated machine learning approach.

In this Paper solar desiccant air conditioning system integrated with cross flow Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) indirect evaporative cooler is used to investigate the performance of whole system in different range of parameters. Solar evacuated tube electric heater is used to supply the regeneration temperature to the desiccant wheel, whereas, Desiccant Wheel (DW) and M-cycle is used to handle latent load and sensible load separately. Major contribution of this research is to predict system level performance parameters of a Solar Assisted Desiccant Air Conditioning (Sol-DAC) system using Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBF-NN) under real transient experimental inlet conditions.

Intelligent decision making for energy efficient fog nodes selection and smart switching in the IOT: a machine learning approach.

With the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, a huge amount of data is generated, which is costly to transfer to the cloud data centers in terms of security, bandwidth, and latency. Fog computing is an efficient paradigm for locally processing and manipulating IoT-generated data. It is difficult to configure the fog nodes to provide all of the services required by the end devices because of the static configuration, poor processing, and storage capacities.

A High-Capacity Optical Metro Access Network: Efficiently Recovering Fiber Failures with Robust Switching and Centralized Optical Line Terminal.

This study proposes and presents a new central office (CO) for the optical metro access network (OMAN) with an affordable and distinctive switching system. The CO's foundation is built upon a novel optical multicarrier (OMC) generation technique. This technique provides numerous frequency carriers that are characterized by a high tone-to-noise ratio (TNR) of 40 dB and minimal amplitude excursions.

Pharyngeal Pouch Co-existing with Thyroid Mass: A Rare Presentation.

A 60-year male presented with a 4-year history of a mass in the lower third of the neck, which had gradually increased in size. On initial examination, it was considered a thyroid mass. On detailed examination, another mass was found in the upper neck which was doughy in consistency and reducible in size.

Base analog and neighboring base effects on substrate specificity of recombinant human G:T mismatch-specific thymine DNA-glycosylase.

We studied the substrate specificity of the human G:T mismatch-specific thymine glycosylase that initiates the repair of G:T and G:U base mismatches to G:C base pairs. Such mismatches arise when 5-methylcytosine or cytosine deaminate spontaneously (and hydrolytically) in DNA. Substrates were 45-bp DNA heteroduplexes that bore single G:T, m6G:T, 2,6-diaminopurine:T, 2-amino-6-(methylamino)-purine:T, 2-aminopurine:T, and G:m4T mispairs.

Incision at diaminopurine: thymine base pairs but not at guanine:O4-methylthymine base pairs in DNA by extracts of human cells.

Cell-free extract from the A1235 human malignant glioma cell line was employed to study the possibility of incision at 2,6-diaminopurine:T (DiAP:T), 2-amino-6-methylaminopurine:T (AMAP:T), and G:O4-methylthymine (G:m4T) mismatches, each placed in a 45 bp DNA at a defined site. The incision of a 45 bp DNA containing a G:T mispair at the same site was followed to determine the relationship between base pair structure and repair activity (ies) in the extract. The cell-free extract incised DNAs containing DiAP:T, AMAP:T, and G:T pairs similarly.

Site specificity of incisions at G:T and O6-methylguanine:T base mismatches in DNA by human cell-free extracts.

Cell-free extract from human tumor cell line A1235 (lacking O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) was employed to compare incision at G:T base mispairs with that at O6-methylguanine (m6G):T pairs at two different sites (sites 20 and 25) in 45-bp heteroduplexes. To study the effect of neighboring bases on the activity(ies), the base pair immediately 5' to the mismatched G at each site was varied to provide four contexts: CpG:T, TpG:T, ApG:T, and GpG:T (and two analogous series for m6G:T pairs). At site 20, cell-free extract produced observable incision only in the 45-bp DNA with the G:T mispair in the CpG:T context, giving a product with incisions immediately 5' and 3' to the mismatched T.

On the quantitative relationship between O6-methylguanine residues in genomic DNA and production of sister-chromatid exchanges, mutations and lethal events in a Mer- human tumor cell line.

O6-Methylguanine (m6G) is an altered base produced in DNA by SN1 methylating agents such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). This lesion is repaired by the protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in normal human cell lines, but is not repaired in certain human tumor lines that are termed Mex- or Mer-. Compared with repair-proficient cell lines, such repair-deficient tumor lines are hypersensitive to the production by MNNG of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE), mutations and lethality.

DNA-substrate sequence specificity of human G:T mismatch repair activity.

G:T mispairs in DNA originate spontaneously via deamination of 5-methylcytosine. Such mispairs are restored to normal G:C pairs by both E. coli K strains and human cells.

Incision at O6-methylguanine:thymine mispairs in DNA by extracts of human cells.

Human cell-free extracts were used to detect activities specifically incising O6-methylguanine (m6G) paired with C or T in DNA. A 45-bp double-stranded DNA containing one m6G across from a T (m6G:T) was the test substrate. Extracts from glioblastoma cell lines A172 and A1235 (lacking the m6G-specific repair protein m6G-DNA methyltransferase, MGMT) and colon carcinoma cell line HT29, containing MGMT, showed incision activities specific for the T strand of m6G:T [and G:T, as reported previously by Wiebauer and Jiricny (1989)] substrates, but did not cleave m6G:C (or G:C) substrates.

In vitro characterization of repair synthesis initiated by T4 endonuclease V on a synthetic DNA substrate.

The size of the repair patch produced by E. coli DNA polymerase (Pol I) following the removal of a pyrimidine dimer from DNA in response to the nicking activity of T4 endonuclease (T4 endo V) was determined. A 48-bp DNA containing a pyrimidine dimer at a defined location was labelled in the damaged strand and incubated with T4 endo V and E.

The repair patch of E. coli (A)BC excinuclease.

The size of repair patch made by E. coli DNA polymerase I (Poll) following the removal of a thymine-psoralen monoadduct by E. coli (A)BC excinuclease was determined by using an M13mp19 DNA with a single psoralen monoadduct at the polylinker region.

Substrate overlap and functional competition between human nucleotide excision repair and Escherichia coli photolyase and (a)BC excision nuclease.

Human cell free extract prepared by the method of Manley et al. (1980) carries out repair synthesis on UV-irradiated DNA. Removal of pyrimidine dimers by photoreactivation with DNA photolyase reduces repair synthesis by about 50%.