Adenocarcinoma in a Tailgut Cyst: A Rare Case Report.

Developmental cysts are the most common retrorectal area cysts observed in adults. Tailgut cysts tend to be multicystic, and their lining epithelium may display the characteristics of columnar, musin-secreting columnar, ciliated, transitional or squamous epithelia. While the large majority of cysts tend to be benign, several malignant cases have been reported, with adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumors constituting the more common types of malignant tailgut cysts.

Relationship of olfactory function with olfactory bulbus volume, disease duration and Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale scores in patients with early stage of idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

We aimed to investigate the relationship between olfactory function and olfactory bulbus (OB) volume, disease duration and Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) scores in early stage idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was used for the evaluation of olfactory function. UPSIT scores for patients with Parkinson's disease were significantly lower than controls.

Valvular heart disease in patients with Parkinson's disease treated with pergolide, levodopa or both.

Cardiac valvulopathy has been reported in patients with Parkinson's disease treated with pergolide. The aim of this study was to clarify the frequency and severity of valvular heart disease (VHD) in patients treated with pergolide, levodopa or both. We evaluated VHD by transthoracic echocardiography in 25 patients who were taking pergolide, 29 patients taking levodopa and 20 patients taking both levodopa and pergolide.

Relationship between visual hallucinations and REM sleep behavior disorder in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objectives: REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) has been documented to precede or to co-occur with Parkinson's disease (PD). Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurological conditions associated with visual hallucinations. Cognitive dysfunction is present in PD, even at the early stages of these diseases.

Thymoma with chronic diarrhea: report of two cases and review of the literature.

Thymoma associated with hypogammaglobulinemia and profound susceptibility to recurrent and serious infections was first reported by Good in 1954, after whom it was named as Good's syndrome. Chronic diarrhea associated with thymoma is almost always seen in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia. However, chronic diarrhea in a setting of normal gammaglobulins have been rarely reported.

Cognitive impairment patterns in Parkinson's disease with visual hallucinations.

Objectives: We investigated the role of stage of disease, motor status and dopaminergic treatment in cognitive impairment of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with visual hallucination (VH) and the presence of specific cognitive impairment patterns.

Method: We compared 33 PD patients with VH (group 1) with 30 PD patients without VH (group 2) with regard to demographic characteristics and neuropsychological test scores.

Results: The group with VH demonstrated significantly worse Short Test of Mental Status scores; the cognitive impairment pattern presented in the form of frontal dysfunction and memory deterioration.

Plasma homocysteine levels in patients treated with levodopa: motor and cognitive associations.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether hyperhomocysteinemia caused by levodopa used in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) is associated with cognitive or physical impairments. The role of folate and vitamin B12 levels in this context was also ascertained.

Methods: Thirty-nine patients who had been followed with the diagnosis of IPD in our clinic for > 2 years and 28 healthy control subjects with similar demographic features were included in the study.