Malnutrition: A risk factor for vascular access problems.

Background: Vascular access problems are leading causes of morbidity, hospitalization, and impaired quality of life in chronic hemodialysis patients. Native arteriovenous fistula is the gold standard of vascular access. Geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), has recently been shown to be an easy and objective instrument for assessing nutritional status in these patient groups.

Dorsal Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis-Subcortical Output Circuits Encode Positive Bias in Pavlovian Fear and Reward.

Opposite emotions like fear and reward states often utilize the same brain regions. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) comprises one hub for processing fear and reward processes. However, it remains unknown how dorsal BNST (dBNST) circuits process these antagonistic behaviors.

Klotho Lacks an FGF23-Independent Role in Mineral Homeostasis.

Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is a bone-derived hormone regulating vitamin D hormone production and renal handling of minerals by signaling through an FGF receptor/αKlotho (Klotho) receptor complex. Whether Klotho has FGF23-independent effects on mineral homeostasis is a controversial issue. Here, we aimed to shed more light on this controversy by comparing male and female triple knockout mice with simultaneous deficiency in Fgf23 and Klotho and a nonfunctioning vitamin D receptor (VDR) (Fgf23/Klotho/VDR) with double (Fgf23/VDR, Klotho/VDR, and Fgf23/Klotho) and single Fgf23, Klotho, and VDR mutants.

Effect of bevacizumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor, on a rat model of peritoneal sclerosis.

Purpose: Peritoneal fibrosis is almost uniform feature encountered in peritoneal dialysis patients. The transition of epithelial cells to mesenchymal phenotype, neovascularization, and consequently development of peritoneal fibrosis occur due to the involvement of peritoneal membrane by various insults such as uremia itself, peritonitis attacks, and exposure to bio-incompatible peritoneal dialysis fluids. Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antihuman antibody developed against vascular endothelial growth factor and can reduce fibrosis by preventing neovascularization.

Postpartum ovarian vein and inferior vena cava thrombosis.

Postpartum ovarian vein thrombosis (POVT), which generally occurs 2-15 days postpartum, is a rare complication. It can be confused with acute appendicitis, pelvic infection, ovarian torsion, tubo-ovarian abscess, and pyelonephritis. It is associated with morbidity and mortality.

Pauci-immune necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis with crescentic and full moon extracapillary proliferation: clinico-pathologic correlation and follow-up study.

The prognostic value of the type and extent of extracapillary proliferation (ECP) in pauci-immune necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephitis (PIGN) was evaluated in this study. In 141 PIGN cases, all glomeruli with ECP were grouped according to type (cellular, fibrocellular and fibrous) and extent of the lesions in Bowman's space; (segmental, semicircumferential and circumferential, which might be termed full moon-FM). Cases with cellular and fibrous lesions involving ≥ 50% of glomeruli with ECP were classified as cellular and fibrous groups, respectively, while the remaining cases were classified as fibrocellular.