The Association Between Street Construction Projects and Community Violence in New York City.

Community violence is a major cause of injury and death in the USA. Empirical studies have identified that some place-based interventions of urban private places, such as remediations of vacant lots and buildings, are associated with reductions in community violence in surrounding areas. The aim of this study was to examine whether routine maintenance and repair of urban public places (e.

Therapeutic potential of anti-ErbB3 chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cells against breast cancer.

ErbB3 is markedly overexpressed in breast cancer cells and is associated with resistance and metastasis. Additionally, ErbB3 expression levels are positively correlated with low densities of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, a marker of poor prognosis. Consequently, ErbB3 is a promising therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy.

Exposure of Young Mice to Atmospherically Relevant PM Has Sex-Dependent Long-Lasting Impacts on the Skeletal Muscle System.

The negative effects of particulate matter up to 2.5 μm in diameter (PM) and their mediating mechanisms have been studied in various tissues. However, little is known about the mechanism and long-term tracking underlying the sex-dependent effects of PM on skeletal muscle system modulation.

Stretchable impedance electrode array with high durability for monitoring of cells under mechanical and chemical stimulations.

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) serves as a non-invasive technique for assessing cell status, while mechanical stretching plays a pivotal role in stimulating cells to emulate their natural environment. Integrating these two domains enables the concurrent application of mechanical stimulation and EIS in a stretchable cell culture system. However, challenges arise from the difficulty in creating a durable and stable stretchable impedance electrode array.

Understanding mechanical failure behaviours and protocol optimization for fast charging applications in Co-free Ni-based cathodes for lithium-ion batteries.

Currently, it is a significant challenge to achieve long-term cyclability and fast chargeability in lithium-ion batteries, especially for the Ni-based oxide cathode, due to severe chemo-mechanical degradation. Despite its importance, the fast charging long-term cycling behaviour is not well understood. Therefore, we comprehensively evaluate the feasibility of fast charging applications for Co-free layered oxide cathodes, with a focus on the extractable capacity and cyclability.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by significant brain volume reduction, is influenced by genetic predispositions related to brain volumetric phenotypes. While genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have linked brain imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) with AD, existing polygenic risk scores (PRSs) based models inadequately capture this relationship. We develop BrainNetScore, a network-based model enhancing AD risk prediction by integrating genetic associations between multiple brain IDPs and AD incidence.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Amyloid-β accumulation is a pivotal factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. As treatment for AD has not been successful yet, the most effective approach lies in early diagnosis and the subsequent delay of disease progression. Hence, this study introduces a deep learning model to predict amyloid-β accumulation in the brain.

Impact of Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Colonization on Clinical Characteristics, Antibiotic Treatment, and Clinical Outcomes of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia.

Purpose: To determine effects of colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) in general wards on characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP).

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with HAP admitted to 16 tertiary or university hospitals in Korea from July 2019 to December 2019. From the entire cohort, patients who developed pneumonia in general wards with known colonization status before the onset of pneumonia were included in this study.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Asymptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AsymAD) refers to individuals with preserved cognition but identifiable Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain pathology, including beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposits, neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles upon autopsy. Unlike AD cases, AsymAD exhibits low neuroinflammation and fewer soluble pathological tau species at synaptic levels. However, the link between these observations and the ability to counteract AD pathology is not fully understood.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Women's elevated risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to men remains unclear, with gonadal hormones proposed as potential contributors. This study aimed to explore the association between follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), neuropsychological AD stages, and cerebral Aβ deposition.

Methods: A total of 679 subjects were included in the study (N = 198 for cognitively normal (CN), N = 373 for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and N = 108 for AD dementia groups).

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Clusterin, a multifunctional glycoprotein, is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis due to its roles in Aβ aggregation and clearance. Hence, understanding the specific interactions between Clusterin and Aβ would be a crucial for unraveling AD mechanisms and exploring therapeutic avenues. Previous study reported that clusterin bound with Aβ directly.

sp. nov., a novel basidiomycetous yeast species isolated from pine tree bark in Gyeongju, South Korea.

A novel yeast species, isolated from the bark of pine trees in Gyeongju, South Korea, and designated as KCTC 37304 (ex-type KACC 410729), is characterized by its genetic, morphological and physiological properties. Molecular phylogenetic analysis involving the D1/D2 domain of the 26S LSU rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region confirms that it belongs to the genus . In comparison to CBS:10065, the type strain of its closest relative, KCTC 37304 exhibits 8 nucleotide substitutions (~2.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Activation of the mTOR pathway is pivotal for microglia to induce and sustain neuroprotective functions (Ulland et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2022).

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque in the brain is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). We recently reported that the application of mild magnetic hyperthermia is feasible to target and disrupt Aβ plaques by means of generating localized heat on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) targeted to Aβ aggregates in response to a remotely applied alternating magnetic field (AMF) (Nanomedicine:NBM, 2021). The objective of the current study is to demonstrate the feasibility of mild magnetic hyperthermia stimulation (MNP/AMF) in clearing Aβ deposits in vivo using 5xFAD mice, a well-established transgenic AD mouse model.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD), an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by progressive neuronal loss and the accumulation of misfolded proteins such as amyloid-β and tau. While neuroinflammation, mediated by microglia and brain-resident macrophages, plays a pivotal role in AD pathogenesis, the intricate interactions among age, genes, and other risk factors remain elusive. Somatic mutations, known to accumulate with age, instigate clonal expansion across diverse cell types, impacting both cancer and non-cancerous conditions.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: The accumulation of abnormal tau protein in neurons and glia in the human brain is the defining feature of neurodegenerative diseases known as tauopathies. Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), the most common primary tauopathy, is typified by selective vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons and glia in the midbrain leading to an atypical parkinsonian movement disorder. To investigate candidate disease mechanisms underlying PSP, there is a critical need for model systems that more accurately recapitulate the cellular and molecular environment in the human brain.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is the most common primary tauopathy, with a constellation of pathological features including 4R-tau positive neurofibrillary tangles and tufted astrocytes. Most PSP cases are sporadic and associated with common structural variation in the 17q21.31 MAPT locus as well as other loci, including EIF2AK3 which is critical for the integrated stress response (ISR).

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Assessing tau accumulation in early affected areas like the lateral entorhinal cortex (EC) and inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) enables early prediction of disease progression and cognitive decline. However, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging poses radiation exposure and cost concerns. This research aims to develop a deep learning model predicting tau positivity in these regions using MRI.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Several genetic and cardiovascular risk factors increase incidence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Hypertension and the ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) are powerful drivers of cognitive impairment in ADRD. These risk factors are also associated with decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF).

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Beta-2 microglobulin (β2m) is a component of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) playing a crucial role in the immune system on cell surface, but it can be separated from the MHC-I and exist in biological fluid independently. Numerous reports have shown that β2m is a systemic pro-aging factor impairing cognitive function, and that it is increased in the blood and CSF of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). While β2m in the body fluid has been recognized as a potential factor in AD and aging, the development of therapeutic agents, especially those directly targeting β2m using antibodies, may face challenges.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: The accumulation of misfolded tau proteins, an Alzheimer's disease (AD) hallmark, starts decades before the emergence of cognitive decline and clinical diagnosis. Autopsy studies support a predictable progression of tau pathology through large-scale systems. However, less is known about the specific progression patterns.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neurodegenerative disease brought on by a combination of changes in multiple pathways that conglomerate to promote disease progression. AD often occurs alongside comorbid diseases, most often immune or vascular in nature, which have been shown to further increase AD risk. We previously showed that known AD variants also associate with secondary diseases in these categories, including rheumatoid arthritis, ischemic myocardial infarction, and both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Inflammation is crucial in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), where oxidized lipid derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), i.e., oxylipins, are potent modulators.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) exhibit a unique aging profile and have early-onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD) due to a triplication of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene on chromosome 21.

Method: Here, we present a study of a 73-year-old non-Hispanic White female with DS who underwent extensive clinical assessments for several decades. She had a cognitive and functional impairment consistent with DS and AD-like symptoms.