Effect of thermal cutaneous stimulation on the gastric motor activity: study of the mechanism of action.

Aim: To investigate the mechanism of action of thermal cutaneous stimulation on the gastric motor inhibition.

Methods: The gastric tone of 33 healthy volunteers (20 men, mean age 36.7 +/- 8.

Study of the effect of ileal distension on the motor activity of the jejunum, and of jejunal distension on the motor activity of the ileum.

Background/aims: The effect of ileal distension on the jejunal motor activity and ofjejunal distension on the ileal motility have been poorly addressed in the literature. We investigated the hypothesis that distension of either ileum or jejunum would affect the motile activity of the other.

Methodology: Response of jejunal pressure to ileal balloon distension and of ileal pressure to jejunal distension in increments of 2 mL of normal saline were recorded in 18 dogs.

Electromyographic lag time and opening time: two novel noninvasive methods to investigate patients with anal outlet obstruction and their response to treatment.

Methods in use can diagnose anal outlet obstruction but not degree of obstruction. We introduced two novel noninvasive methods of diagnosing and evaluating the degree of anal outlet obstruction: pelvic floor electromyographic lag time and opening time. Pelvic floor electromyographic lag time measured time interval between start of pelvic floor muscle relaxation and start of anal outlet flow.

A novel concept for the surgical anatomy of the perineal body.

Purpose: Perineal body is considered by investigators as a fibromuscular structure that is the site of insertion of perineal muscles. We investigated the hypothesis that perineal body is the site across which perineal muscles pass uninterrupted from one side to the other.

Methods: Perineal body was studied in 56 cadaveric specimens (46 adults, 10 neonatal deaths) by direct dissection with the help of magnifying loupe, fine surgical instruments, and bright light.

The effect of vaginal distension on the female urinary bladder and urethral sphincters.

Aims: A mention of effect of vaginal distension, as induced by penile thrusting at coitus, on urinary bladder (UB) and urethral sphincters could not be traced in literature. We investigated the hypothesis that, upon vaginal distension, UB undergoes inhibited activity, while external and internal urethral sphincters (IUS) exhibit increased activity in order to guard against urine leakage during coitus.

Methods: Response of UB and external and IUS to vaginal balloon distension was recorded in 28 healthy women (age 35.

The effect of external urethral sphincter contraction on the cavernosus muscles and its role in the sexual act.

Objectives/aim: A study of the effect of external urethral sphincter contraction on ischio-/bulbo-cavernosus muscles could not be traced in the literature. We investigated the hypothesis that external urethral sphincter contraction induces cavernosus muscles' contraction.

Methods: Twenty-one healthy volunteers (age 37.

Straining-cremasteric reflex: identification of a new reflex and its role during increased intra-abdominal pressure.

The cremasteric muscle (CM) being composed of fleshy muscle bundles constitutes the active component of the fasciomuscular tube of the spermatic cord. On contraction, the CM compresses the cord veins pushing the blood in the pampiniform plexus to the abdominal veins. The role of the CM during increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) could not be traced in the literature.