Publications by authors named "Siba El-Hussein"
Article Synopsis
- The diagnosis of classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) is currently based on tissue analysis through morphology and immunohistochemistry.
- The article highlights specific diagnostic challenges faced in clinical settings, including unusual morphologic variants and atypical antigen expression in HRS cells.
- It also explores conditions that can resemble HRS cells, complicating the diagnosis by including both lymphomatous and non-lymphomatous examples.
Article Synopsis
- The IGH::CCND1 translocation is linked to mantle cell lymphoma and plasma cell myeloma, where cyclin D1 is often over-expressed, typically without gene rearrangement.
- A rare case of an elderly man presenting with splenic marginal zone lymphoma showed a heterozygous TP53 deletion, which later evolved into a large B-cell lymphoma with a CCND1 rearrangement at relapse.
- This study is notable as it is the first to report a progression from splenic marginal zone lymphoma with TP53 deletion to large B-cell lymphoma with CCND1 rearrangement, highlighting clonal relatedness between the two lymphoma stages.
Article Synopsis
- * The leukemic cells exhibited a range of doubling times and specific characteristics such as small to medium size, unique nuclear features, and varied cytoplasmic expressions.
- * Despite some differences, TCL1 family-negative T-PLL shares many morphological and immunophenotypic traits with prototypic T-PLL, notably in their T-cell receptor positivity, which can help in diagnosing this rare condition.
Article Synopsis
- Primary large B-cell lymphomas (IP-LBCLs) occur in "immune-privileged" areas like the CNS, vitreoretina, and testes, where the immune response is weaker.
- These lymphomas typically have a poor prognosis with high chances of returning either at the same spot or another similar site.
- The case discussed features a man with two separate cases of LBCL in the CNS and testis, diagnosed over ten years apart, that were not genetically linked, indicating they were not the same type of cancer.
Article Synopsis
- The review focuses on summarizing the various immunophenotypic profiles of conditions related to the proliferation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), including blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN), mature pDC proliferation (MPDCP), and myeloid neoplasms with pDC differentiation.
- It emphasizes using flow cytometry as a diagnostic tool to analyze these complex entities and highlights the differing maturation stages of pDCs seen in diseases such as chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia.
- The review also addresses evaluating residual disease, potential challenges with immune and targeted therapies, and the differential diagnosis, particularly how pDC-like immunophenotypes in
Article Synopsis
- Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma is classified as a distinct type of cancer linked to textured breast implants, prompting new challenges for medical professionals handling patients with these devices.
- While much focus has been on this more serious lymphoma, benign issues related to breast implants also affect 20-30% of patients, necessitating careful assessment.
- The review discusses a variety of benign complications, detailing their clinical presentations and imaging features, and outlines a structured method for diagnosing and managing breast implant-related specimens.
Article Synopsis
- A subset of classic Hodgkin lymphoma shows features that are similar to nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, which complicates diagnosis but can often be clarified through immunohistochemical tests.! -
- The study analyzed three cases of T-cell-rich Hodgkin lymphoma where a definitive diagnosis of either NLPHL or classic Hodgkin lymphoma was challenging, despite comprehensive testing.! -
- The findings revealed that these cases had both B-cell and Hodgkin markers, and the patients responded well to NLPHL-like treatment, achieving long-term remission without B symptoms at diagnosis.!
Article Synopsis
- * Lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) is the most common type of lung cancer, with atypical adenomatous hyperplasia being a key precursor that can progress to more serious forms.
- * By using advanced deep learning techniques on common histopathology images, researchers extracted important features that show changes in cell types as lung cancer develops, suggesting that pathomics could be a cost-effective method to study lung cancer evolution.
Article Synopsis
- Flow cytometry analysis is increasingly recognized as a valuable tool for assessing chronic myeloid neoplasms, including myelodysplastic and chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms.
- *Recent research highlights its ability to differentiate between persistent clonal hematopoiesis and measurable residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients.
- *This distinction is important as it could significantly influence treatment strategies for those with AML.*
Article Synopsis
- The Sydney system was developed to improve standardization and reproducibility in lymph node cytopathology, with previous studies focusing on its risk of malignancy but not on how consistently different pathologists can interpret it.
- A study involving 15 cytopathologists from 12 institutions globally evaluated 85 cases using digital whole-slide images, resulting in over 1200 diagnoses.
- The findings indicated nearly perfect agreement with a ground truth for most diagnoses, but varying levels of concordance across categories, with the inadequate and malignant categories showing the most agreement, while suspicious and atypical categories had very slight agreement.
Article Synopsis
- Autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has changed the treatment landscape for blood cancers, yet challenges remain in predicting related complications.* -
- A case study illustrates donor-derived T-cell clonal lymphocytosis and cytopenia in a patient with a history of T-cell leukemia, revealing clonal unrelatedness through advanced genetic analyses.* -
- Despite the patient experiencing increased mutation loads, their clonal lymphocytosis and anemia resolved, suggesting that genetic changes can influence the blood environment and restore balance, highlighting the importance of comprehensive testing for understanding post-HSCT changes.*
Article Synopsis
- Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) can develop in myeloma patients treated with novel therapies, affecting predominantly older adults with a median age of 68.
- The study analyzed 66 patients, revealing that those receiving high-dose melphalan-based autologous stem cell transplantation (HDM-ASCT) in addition to other therapies had a longer time before developing t-MN compared to those receiving only HDM-ASCT.
- The most common types of t-MN were myelodysplastic syndrome, with key genetic mutations identified (like TP53), and the overall median survival post-diagnosis of t-MN was 18.4 months, indicating relatively poor outcomes.
Article Synopsis
- The study analyzed 142 patients diagnosed with Richter transformation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (RT-DLBCL), focusing on morphological, immunophenotypic, and molecular characteristics.
- Findings revealed that RT-DLBCL predominantly exhibited immunoblastic morphology with specific marker expressions, including high levels of CD19 and BCL2, while a significant portion displayed a non-germinal center B-cell immunophenotype.
- Genetic analysis indicated notable chromosome alterations and common mutations involving TP53, with no significant difference in overall survival between different immunophenotypes, although CD5 expression appeared to correlate with overall survival outcomes.
Article Synopsis
- Unicentric Castleman disease (UCD) has two main types: hyaline-vascular and mixed/plasmacytic, each showing different structural changes, such as lymph follicles and plasma cells.
- * The objective of this text is to highlight the broad differential diagnosis for UCD, which includes various lymphomas and neoplasms, and to improve understanding of its morphologic features in biopsy samples.
- * Recognizing the wide variety of morphologic presentations in UCD is crucial for accurate diagnosis and to prevent misinterpretation in clinical settings.
Article Synopsis
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors, specifically PD-1 inhibitors, show potential as a new treatment for patients with Richter transformation-diffuse large B-cell lymphoma variant (RT-DLBCL), based on a study of 64 patients.
- The study categorized tumor expression levels of PD-1, PD-L1, CD30, and microsatellite instability, identifying a subset of patients (43.7%) with an "immune evasion phenotype" (IEP+) that displayed significantly higher levels of PD1-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).
- Patients with brisk PD1+ TILs had a notably better overall survival rate compared to those with lower levels of TILs, indicating a correlation between immune response
Article Synopsis
- The article discusses three main pathologic types of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) found in relation to myeloid neoplasms, which are blood cancers.
- The types include: 1) pDC expansion typically linked to chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML), 2) pDC differentiation seen in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with various maturation stages, and 3) neoplasms associated with blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN).
- The authors also provide a diagnostic algorithm and aim to standardize terminology for the different states of pDCs in these conditions.
Article Synopsis
- Conventional prognostication for myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) has relied on the revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R), but emerging research highlights that clonal diversity and mutation dynamics significantly impact prognosis and treatment response.
- Clonal evolution in MDS is marked by specific secondary mutations that influence both the disease's biological features and how it progresses.
- Understanding the complete clonal structure and genomic changes in MDS is essential for developing personalized therapies and a more effective classification system for the disease.
Article Synopsis
- CellSpatialGraph is a framework designed to analyze the spatial structure of cells, particularly in tumor environments, using unsupervised learning to identify different cell phenotypes.
- The framework creates local cell graphs, called supercells, which model relationships between cells in close proximity and applies clustering to categorize these supercells into subtypes.
- Finally, a global graph is constructed to summarize interactions between supercells, providing features useful for classifying various disease subtypes.