The double-lasso loop technique of Biceps tenodesis has lower displacement after cyclic loading, compared to interference screw fixation: Biomechanical analysis in an ovine model.

Background: Biceps tenodesis is an effective treatment for symptomatic long head of biceps tendon pathology. Recently the arthroscopic "double lasso-loop" suture anchor (DLSA) technique was described, advantaged by reduced cost, complexity, and operative time. We aimed to compare the in vitro strength of DLSA with conventional interference screws (IS).

Abduction causes increased strain gradient compared to forward flexion: Evidence from a cadaver model of simultaneous strain study of the rotator cuff tendons.

Background: Various strain studies of the supraspinatus have been done in isolation. Given that rotator cuff muscles function as a group, it may be physiologically representative to measure strain behaviour with the glenohumeral joint intact. Here, we explored a novel method in measuring simultaneous strain behaviour of the rotator cuff tendons and investigated the effect of full-thickness anterior tear of the supraspinatus on the infraspinatus and subscapularis tendons.

Rotator cuff repair with an interposition polypropylene mesh: A biomechanical ovine study.

Background: Chronic large to massive rotator cuff tears are difficult to treat and re-tears are common even after surgical repair. We propose using a synthetic polypropylene mesh to increase the tensile strength of rotator cuff repairs. We hypothesize that using a polypropylene mesh to bridge the repair of large rotator cuff tears will increase the ultimate failure load of the repair.

A review on different methods of scoliosis brace fabrication.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a 3D spinal deformity and mostly affects children in the age group of 10-16 years. Bracing is the most widely recommended nonoperative treatment modality for scoliosis in children. Scoliosis brace fabrication techniques have continuously evolved and currently use traditional plaster casting, computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), or 3D printing.

Assessment of shoulder range of motion using a commercially available wearable sensor-a validation study.

Background: Our study aims to validate a commercially available inertial measurement unit (IMU) system against a standard laboratory-based optical motion capture (OMC) system for shoulder measurements in a clinical context.

Methods: The validation analyses were conducted on 19 healthy male volunteers. Twelve reflective markers were placed on each participant's trunk, scapula and across the arm and one IMU was attached via a self-adhesive strap on the forearm.

Effect of distal interlocking of a cephalomedullary femoral nail on peri-implant fractures: A sawbone biomechanical analysis.

Background: A large proportion of hip fractures involve inter-trochanteric fractures which are managed by cephalomedullary nails. There is ongoing debate about the advantages and disadvantages of locked versus unlocked long cephalomedullary femoral nails in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. The objectives of our study are to evaluate the biomechanical effects of a distal interlocking bolt on the type of peri-implant fractures in a healed intertrochanteric fracture with long cephalomedullary nail fixation.

Revising a loosened cancellous screw with a larger screw does not restore original pull-out strength - A biomechanical study.

Background: Cancellous screw fixation is often used in fracture fixation. When this screw is over-tightened, damage to the bone and other non-linear processes such as fracture and construct failure would be involved. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the reduction in pull-out strength when a cancellous screw spins and (2) to determine how much pull-out strength can be restored by revising with a larger diameter screw.

Intertrochanteric fracture with distal extension: When is the short proximal femoral nail antirotation too short?

Introduction: The lesser trochanter (LT) fragment in the multifragmentary intertrochanteric femur fracture (AO 31A2.2) may extend distally. If the fragment extends too distally, fixation with a short proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA-II) device may not be sufficient.

Biomechanical comparison of vertical suture techniques for repairing radial meniscus tear.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to (1) develop suture techniques in repairing radial meniscal tear; (2) to compare the biomechanical properties of the proposed repair techniques with the conventional double horizontal technique.

Methods: Thirty-six fresh-frozen porcine medial menisci were randomly assigned into four groups and a complete tear was made at the midline of each meniscus. The menisci were subsequently repaired using four different repair techniques: double vertical (DV), double vertical cross (DVX), hybrid composing one vertical and one horizontal stitch, and conventional double horizontal (DH) suture technique with suturing parallel to the tibia plateau.

Does Lumbar Interbody Cage Size Influence Subsidence? A Biomechanical Study.

Study Design: An experimental laboratory-based biomechanical study.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between cage size and subsidence and to quantify the resistance to subsidence that a larger cage can provide.

Summary Of Background Data: The assumption that a bigger interbody cage confers less subsidence has not been proven.

Gap formation after single lateral row versus dual-row suture bridge cuff repair: An ovine biomechanical model.

Background: The aim of this study is to compare two types of suture bridging constructs; a laterally based bridging single row (SR) construct and a classic dual row (DR) suture bridge construct. The hypothesis is that the DR construct will demonstrate superior biomechanical properties.

Methods: Six matched pairs of sheep infraspinatus tendon tears repaired with these two different types of suture bridging techniques were tested for gap formation, ultimate failure load and mode of failure.

Pedicle Screw Designs in Spinal Surgery: Is There a Difference? A Biomechanical Study on Primary and Revision Pull-Out Strength.

Study Design: An experimental laboratory-based biomechanical study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate, in a synthetic bone model, the difference in primary and revision pull-out strength using pedicle screws of different thread designs.

Summary Of Background Data: Over the past few decades, there has been a growing interest in optimizing the screw pull-out strength using various screw designs (single-thread, mixed-thread, dual-thread).

Comparison of a simplified skin pointer device compared with a skeletal marker for knee rotation laxity: A cadaveric study using a rotation-meter.

Aim: To compare the measurements of knee rotation laxity by non-invasive skin pointer with a knee rotation jig in cadaveric knees against a skeletally mounted marker.

Methods: Six pairs of cadaveric legs were mounted on a knee rotation jig. One Kirscher wire was driven into the tibial tubercle as a bone marker and a skin pointer was attached.

Fabrication and characterization of a novel crosslinked human keratin-alginate sponge.

Human hair keratins have been explored for biomedical applications because of their abundance, bioactivity and processability. However, pure keratin templates have poor mechanical properties, which limit their practical relevance. Herein, we described a novel composite sponge, consisting of human hair keratins chemically crosslinked with alginate using 1-ethyl-3-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide hydrochloride, with improved mechanical properties.

An integrated index for automated detection of infarcted myocardium from cross-sectional echocardiograms using texton-based features (Part 1).

Cross-sectional view echocardiography is an efficient non-invasive diagnostic tool for characterizing Myocardial Infarction (MI) and stages of expansion leading to heart failure. An automated computer-aided technique of cross-sectional echocardiography feature assessment can aid clinicians in early and more reliable detection of MI patients before subsequent catastrophic post-MI medical conditions. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel Myocardial Infarction Index (MII) to discriminate infarcted and normal myocardium using features extracted from apical cross-sectional views of echocardiograms.

Data mining framework for identification of myocardial infarction stages in ultrasound: A hybrid feature extraction paradigm (PART 2).

Early expansion of infarcted zone after Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) has serious short and long-term consequences and contributes to increased mortality. Thus, identification of moderate and severe phases of AMI before leading to other catastrophic post-MI medical condition is most important for aggressive treatment and management. Advanced image processing techniques together with robust classifier using two-dimensional (2D) echocardiograms may aid for automated classification of the extent of infarcted myocardium.

Drilling the near cortex with elongated figure-of-8 holes to reduce the stiffness of a locking compression plate construct.

Purpose: To compare the stiffness of locking compression plate (LCP) constructs with or without drilling the near cortex with elongated figure-of-8 holes.

Methods: 24 synthetic bones were sawn to create a 10-mm gap and were fixed with a 9-hole 4.5-mm narrow LCP.

Computer-aided diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction using ultrasound images with DWT, GLCM and HOS methods: A comparative study.

Myocardial Infarction (MI) or acute MI (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Precise and timely identification of MI and extent of muscle damage helps in early treatment and reduction in the time taken for further tests. MI diagnosis using 2D echocardiography is prone to inter-/intra-observer variability in the assessment.

Cartilage Tissue Engineering with Silk Fibroin Scaffolds Fabricated by Indirect Additive Manufacturing Technology.

Advanced tissue engineering (TE) technology based on additive manufacturing (AM) can fabricate scaffolds with a three-dimensional (3D) environment suitable for cartilage regeneration. Specifically, AM technology may allow the incorporation of complex architectural features. The present study involves the fabrication of 3D TE scaffolds by an indirect AM approach using silk fibroin (SF).

Development of a finger biomechanical model and its considerations.

The development of a biomechanical model for a human finger is faced with many challenges, such as extensor mechanism complexity, statistical indeterminacy and suitability of computational processes. Motivation for this work was to develop a computer model that is able to predict the internal loading patterns of tendons and joint surfaces experienced by the human finger, while mitigating these challenges. Proposed methodology was based on a non-linear optimising mathematical technique with a criterion of boundary conditions and equality equations, maximised against unknown parameters to reduce statistical indeterminacy.

Effects of bone materials on the screw pull-out strength in human spine.

A three-dimensional finite element model simulating the threaded connections including detailed helix curve for the bone and surgical screw was constructed. Validation of the FE model was conducted by comparing the predicted screw pull-out strength in different foam materials against experimental study. The FE model was then further analyzed to investigate the interaction of bone material and purchase length on the screw pull-out strength.

The changes in the tensile properties of tendons after freeze storage in saline solution.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of saline solution (0.9 per cent NaCl) on the tensile properties of freeze-stored tendons. Firstly, 170 pieces of chicken flexor digitorum profundus tendons were retrieved and wrapped in saline-soaked gauze before they were stored at -40degreesC.

The effect of infraspinatus disruption on glenohumeral torque and superior migration of the humeral head: a biomechanical study.

Rotator cuff ruptures that extend into the infraspinatus tendon may cause dysfunction and superior migration of the humerus. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a threshold size of infraspinatus defect exists beyond which abduction torque generation decreases and superior migration of the humeral head increases. Glenohumeral abduction torque and superior humeral head translations were measured in hanging arms in neutral rotation in cadaver shoulders (n = 10).