Diagnosing Adolescent Substance Use and Co-Occurring Disorders Using the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs Quick Version-4.

Objective: Early identification of substance use during adolescence is imperative to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs-Quick Version 4 (GAIN-Q4) at diagnosing substance use disorders (SUDs) in adolescents.

Methods: The GAIN-Q4 was developed from the GAIN-Quick Version 3 by adding items from the original measure (GAIN-I) to diagnose SUDs and provide level of care recommendations.

Development and Evaluation of the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs Quick Version 4 (GAIN-Q4) for ASAM Dimension Ratings and Placement Recommendations for Adolescents and Adults.

Objectives: This article describes the development and evaluation of the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs Quick Version 4 (GAIN-Q4) for the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) 4th edition patient placement dimension ratings and level of care placement recommendations. The research questions are as follows: (1) Can the GAIN-Q4 replicate recommendations from the prior longer instrument within adolescents and adults? (2) What are the substantive differences in the results by age?

Methods: The 35- to 45-minute GAIN-Q4 was developed through modification of the GAIN-Q3 and evaluated in terms of its ability to predict ASAM dimensional ratings and level of care placement recommendations from the 60- to 120-minute GAIN-I instrument. Data were obtained from participants who are adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (n = 101,897) and adults 18 years and older (n = 204,711) interviewed between 2002 and 2018 across 530 US sites.

Qualitative Assessment of Barriers to Buprenorphine Access: The Role of Pharmacies.

Background: Patients continue to face challenges accessing medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) despite attempts to loosen prescribing restrictions and streamline service provision. Past research has mainly focused on potential barriers surrounding prescribing practices for buprenorphine, but has had limited investigation into the role of pharmacies.

Objective: This study investigates the role of both pharmacists and pharmacies in creating or circumventing barriers to accessing buprenorphine for individuals in Georgia seeking medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD).

Functional Domains of Substance Use and their Implications to Trauma: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies.

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a significant health problem, and trauma exposure is a known risk factor for the escalation of substance use. However, the shared neural mechanisms through which trauma is associated with substance use are still unknown. Therefore, we systematically review neuroimaging studies focusing on three domains that may contribute to the overlapping mechanisms of SUD and trauma-reward salience, negative emotionality, and inhibition.

Narrative review: Revised Principles and Practice Recommendations for Adolescent Substance Use Treatment and Policy.

Objective: In 2014, the U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse released the "Principles of Adolescent Substance Use Disorder Treatment," summarizing previously established evidence and outlining principles of effective assessment, treatment, and aftercare for substance use disorders (SUD).

Association Between Clinician-Level Factors and Patient Outcomes in Virtual and In-Person Outpatient Treatment for Substance Use Disorders: Multilevel Analysis.

Background: The use of virtual treatment services increased dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, large-scale research on virtual treatment for substance use disorder (SUD), including factors that may influence outcomes, has not advanced with the rapidly changing landscape.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the link between clinician-level factors and patient outcomes in populations receiving virtual and in-person intensive outpatient services.

Utility of the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs Recommendation and Referral Report for Substance Use Diagnosis, Treatment Planning, and Placement.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the utility of the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs Recommendation and Referral Report (GRRS) as guided by American Psychiatric Association diagnosis criteria and American Society of Addiction Medicine guidelines for treatment planning and placement.

Methods: Global Appraisal of Individual Needs data were gathered between March 2018 and June 2020 from a total of 82 agencies and 245 clinicians as part of a program evaluation of agencies receiving public funding through the Mid-State Health Network under contract with the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services and the Office of Recovery Oriented Systems of Care. Of the 1395 patients 18 years or older, 1027 GRRS reports were produced by clinical staff.

Substance use severity as a predictor for receiving medication for opioid use disorder among adolescents: An analysis of the 2019 TEDS.

Background: Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is vastly underutilized in adolescents. Existing treatment guidelines for OUD largely focus on adults, providing limited guidance for pediatric populations. Limited information is known about use of MOUD in adolescents based on substance use severity.

Demographic and socioeconomic correlates to buprenorphine access in pharmacies.

Background: Research has focused on buprenorphine prescribing with limited attention to the role of pharmacy access to buprenorphine for opioid use disorder.

Objective: This study examines demographic and socioeconomic correlates to buprenorphine access in Georgia pharmacies.

Methods: A 5-question (12 potential subqueries) telephone administered survey was used to investigate access and stocking patterns of specific dosages and formulations of buprenorphine in Georgia pharmacies (n = 119).