Mode of birth and risk of infection-related hospitalisation in childhood: A population cohort study of 7.17 million births from 4 high-income countries.

Background: The proportion of births via cesarean section (CS) varies worldwide and in many countries exceeds WHO-recommended rates. Long-term health outcomes for children born by CS are poorly understood, but limited data suggest that CS is associated with increased infection-related hospitalisation. We investigated the relationship between mode of birth and childhood infection-related hospitalisation in high-income countries with varying CS rates.

INCREASED MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM: DOES SURGERY MAKE A DIFFERENCE?

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is functionally characterized by an inappropriately raised secretion of parathyroid hormone, leading to raised serum calcium levels. Some patients are referred for parathyroidectomy, and some are managed conservatively. The aim of the audit was to compare the mortality outcomes between the two groups.

Survival and new-onset morbidity after critical care admission for acute pancreatitis in Scotland: a national electronic healthcare record linkage cohort study.

Introduction: Severe acute pancreatitis (AP) requiring critical care admission (ccAP) impacts negatively on long-term survival.

Objective: To document organ-specific new morbidity and identify risk factors associated with premature mortality after an episode of ccAP.

Design: Cohort study.

Perinatal risks in female cancer survivors: A population-based analysis.

Background/objectives: Advances in cancer management have resulted in improved survival rates, particularly in children and young adults. However, treatment may adversely affect reproductive outcomes among female cancer survivors. The objective of this study was to investigate their risk of adverse perinatal outcomes compared to the general population.

The impact of cancer on subsequent chance of pregnancy: a population-based analysis.

Study Question: What is the impact of cancer in females aged ≤39 years on subsequent chance of pregnancy?

Summary Answer: Cancer survivors achieved fewer pregnancies across all cancer types, and the chance of achieving a first pregnancy was also lower.

What Is Known Already: The diagnosis and treatment of cancer in young females may be associated with reduced fertility but the true pregnancy deficit in a population is unknown.

Study Design, Size, Duration: We performed a retrospective cohort study relating first incident cancer diagnosed between 1981 and 2012 to subsequent pregnancy in all female patients in Scotland aged 39 years or less at cancer diagnosis (n = 23 201).

Primary hyperparathyroidism: Increasing prevalence, social deprivation, and surgery.

Objective: To measure the increasing incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in Scotland, to determine the relationship between PHPT and deprivation, and to investigate the relationship between parathyroidectomy (PTX) and social deprivation.

Methods: We retrospectively identified a cohort of patients diagnosed with PHPT between 1986 and 2013 from the Scottish Morbidity Records (SMR01) database. The diagnosis of PHPT was made in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases code.

Risk of oesophageal cancer among patients previously hospitalised with eating disorder.

Background: It has been suggested that the risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma might be increased in patients with a history of eating disorders due to acidic damage to oesophageal mucosa caused by self-induced vomiting practiced as a method of weight control. Eating disorders have also been associated with risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus, including alcohol use disorders, as well as smoking and nutritional deficiencies, which have been associated with both main sub-types of oesophageal cancer. There have been several case reports of oesophageal cancer (both main sub-types) arising in patients with a history of eating disorders.