Effect of cerebrolysin on bladder function after spinal cord injury in female Wistar rats.

Objectives: To study the effect of cerebrolysin on bladder function after spinal cord injury using functional measurements in rats.

Methods: A total of 60 female rats were enrolled in this study. After induction of complete transection at T9-T10 spinal vertebrae, cerebrolysin was injected intraperitoneally, and daily in three dosages until 7 days (1 week) and continued until 28 days (4 weeks) in three groups to show the impact of that on the bladder function.

Cerebrolysin attenuates hyperalgesia, photophobia, and neuroinflammation in a nitroglycerin-induced migraine model in rats.

Chronic migraine dramatically affects the quality of life in the migraineurs. This study examined the effect of chronic cerebrolysin (CBL) treatment on the migraine-associated symptoms in a rat model of migraine. Experiments were carried out on 8 weeks, male Wistar rats.

Permissive role of cytosolic pH acidification in neurodegeneration: A closer look at its causes and consequences.

The maintenance of cytosolic pH in its physiological range is required for normal neuronal activity, and even minor alterations can have serious consequences. This Review summarizes the current understanding of the conditions that are associated with cytosolic pH disruption and that lead to abnormal cytosolic acidification. Oxidative stress results in cytosolic acidification, and this plays a crucial role in the emergence of apoptosis in protein misfolding and excitotoxicity, ultimately leading to irreversible neuronal damage.

Effect of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists on motor disorders induced by 6-hydroxydopamine in rat.

Purpose: To investigate the role of adenosine A2A receptors on 6-OHDA-induced motor disorder in rat.

Methods: In order to induce experimental model of Parkinson's disease, 6-hydoxydopamine (8 μg/rat) was injected unilaterally into the SNc. After three weeks as a recovery period, 6-OHDA-induced bradykinesia and balance disturbances were assessed by using beam traversal test 10, 30 and 60 minutes after intraperitoneal injections of the drugs (caffeine, SCH58261).

Dampening of Serotonergic System through 5HT1A Receptors is a Promising Target for Treatment of Levodopa Induced Motor Problems.

During long-term treatment with Levodopa, majority of patients with Parkinson's disease experience some abnormal motor problems including of Levodopa induced dyskinesia (LID) and wearing off. Incredible evidences suggest that serotonergic neurons compensate some functions of lost dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease especially in advanced disease stages. Therefore, it has been postulated that serotonergic neurons are the major source for development of these unwanted effects.

Effect of glucosamine HCl on dissolution and solid state behaviours of piroxicam upon milling.

Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is characterised by low solubility and high permeability. In order to improve the drug dissolution rate, the co-grinding method was used as an approach to prepare piroxicam co-ground in the carriers such as glucosamine hydrochloride. As, this amino sugar (glucosamine HCl) has been shown to decrease pain and improve mobility in osteoarthritis in joints, therefore, the incorporation of glucosamine in piroxicam formulations would be expected to offer additional benefits to patients.

Buspirone improves the anti-cataleptic effect of levodopa in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats.

In Parkinson's disease (PD), prolonged exposure to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) results in motor fluctuations, such as the on-off phenomenon, and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Previously, we found that activation of 5-HT(1A) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) decreased catalepsy in parkinsonian rats. In the current investigation, we attempted to evaluate the effect of buspirone on the anti-cataleptic effect of L-DOPA in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned male Wistar rats.