The Influence of Mg Doping in α-AlO Crystals Investigated with First-Principles Calculations and Experiment.

The influence of Mg doping in α-AlO crystals is investigated in this article by first-principles calculations and formation energies, density of states, and computed absorption spectra. Three models related to Mg substituting for Al doping structures were constructed, as well as spinel structure models with varying aluminum-magnesium ratios. The formation energy calculations confirmed the rationality of the MgV model, which means that Mg substitutional doping incorporating oxygen vacancies is most likely to form in crystals.

Pinelliae Rhizoma: a systematic review on botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, preclinical and clinical evidence.

Pinelliae Rhizoma (PR), known as Banxia in Chinese, Hange in Japanese, and Banha in Korean, is a renowned herbal medicine in East Asia derived from the dry tuber of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. (PT).

Responding to exogenous quorum-sensing signals promotes defense against phages by repressing OmpV expression in Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae.

Bacteriophages as viral predators can restrict host strains and shape the bacterial community. Conversely, bacteria also adopt diverse strategies for phage defense. Pseudomonas syringae pv.

Several variants on chromosome 10 are associated with coarse hair diameter in Dazu black goats (Capra hircus).

Goats typically have double coats, with the outermost coarse hairs providing protection against mechanical and radiation damage. While much attention has been paid to cashmere due to its status as a high-end textile material, there is limited information available on coarse hair. This study aimed to identify genomic variants, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion/deletions (indels), associated with coarse hair diameter using a genome-wide association study (GWAS).

Core microbe Bifidobacterium in the hindgut of calves improves the growth phenotype of young hosts by regulating microbial functions and host metabolism.

Background: The growth and health of young ruminants are regulated by their gut microbiome, which can have lifelong consequences. Compared with subjective grouping, phenotypic clustering might be a more comprehensive approach to revealing the relationship between calf growth state and core gut microbes. However, the identification of beneficial gut bacteria and its internal mechanisms of shaping host phenotype differentiation remains unclear.

Hybrid electromagnetic and moisture energy harvesting enabled by ionic diode films.

Wireless energy-responsive systems provide a foundational platform for powering and operating intelligent devices. However, current electronic systems relying on complex components limit their effective deployment in ambient environment and seamless integration of energy harvesting, storage, sensing, and communication. Here, we disclose a coupling effect of electromagnetic wave absorption and moist-enabled generation on carrier transportation and energy interaction regulated by ionic diode effect.

Identification of human cranio-maxillofacial skeletal stem cells for mandibular development.

Compared with long bone that arises from the mesoderm, the major portion of the maxillofacial bones and the front bone of the skull are derived from cranial neural crest cells and undergo intramembranous ossification. Human skeletal stem cells have been identified in embryonic and fetal long bones. Here, we describe a single-cell atlas of the human embryonic mandible and identify a population of cranio-maxillofacial skeletal stem cells (CMSSCs).

Healthcare workers' well-being and perspectives on support during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies.

Background: Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) have faced multiple difficulties in their work and personal lives. However, most of the quantitative reviews have focused on the extent of the pandemic's impact on the HCWs and have thus failed to fully capture the HCWs' experiences and the complexity of the problems they encountered. Therefore, this qualitative systematic review elucidates the HCWs' challenges brought about by the pandemic, their perceptions of the existing support and the support that require further attention.

Grain Boundaries Control Lithiation of Solid Solution Substrates in Lithium Metal Batteries.

The development of sustainable transportation and communication systems requires an increase in both energy density and capacity retention of Li-batteries. Using substrates forming a solid solution with body-centered cubic Li enhances the cycle stability of anode-less batteries. However, it remains unclear how the substrate microstructure affects the lithiation behavior.

Development of an indirect ELISA based on the VP1 protein for detection of antibodies against water buffalo Hunnivirus.

Buffalo hunnivirus (BufHuV) is an important pathogen, which can cause diarrhea in water buffaloes, and as yet, there are no vaccines and drugs for its prevention and control. Here we studied the immunogenicity and predicted the three-dimensional structure of the BufHuV VP1 protein, in order to establish a rapid and efficient serological assay for detection of its antibodies in the host. The N-terminal truncated gene, consisting of amino acids 5-117, was selected and cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a (+) to obtain the recombinant plasmid, pET-32a-BufHuV-VP1-1.

Crosstalk between gut microbiota and tumor: tumors could cause gut dysbiosis and metabolic imbalance.

Gut microbiota has a proven link with the development and treatment of cancer. However, the causality between gut microbiota and cancer development is still unknown and deserves exploration. In this study, we aimed to explore the alterations in gut microbiota in murine tumor models and the crosstalk between the tumor and the gut microbiota.

Transcriptome-wide identification and analysis reveals m6A regulation of metabolic reprogramming in shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) under virus infection.

Background: It has been reported that the most common post-transcriptional modification of eukaryotic RNA is N6-methyladenosine (m6A). Previous studies show m6A is a key regulator for viral infection and immune response. However, whether there is a pathogen stimulus-dependent m6A regulation in invertebrate shrimp has not been studied.

Materials Design by Constructing Phase Diagrams for Defects.

Phase transformations and crystallographic defects are two essential tools to drive innovations in materials. Bulk materials design via tuning chemical compositions is systematized using phase diagrams. It is shown here that the same thermodynamic concept can be applied to manipulate the chemistry at defects.

Modeling sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca in rat cardiomyocytes.

The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) primarily serves as the intracellular Ca store in cardiac myocytes, mediating cellular function under cardiac physiology and diseases. However, the properties of cardiac SR Ca have not yet been fully determined, particularly in rats and mice, which are the most commonly used experimental species in studies on cardiac physiology and diseases. Here, we developed a spatially detailed numerical model to deduce Ca movements inside the junctional SR (jSR) cisternae of rat cardiomyocytes.

Compact photonic model based on coupled-mode theory for nonlinear interactions in electronic-photonic co-simulation.

This paper demonstrates a Verilog-A compact photonic model based on coupled-mode theory for nonlinear interactions, including four-wave mixing (FWM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM), to present a general framework and methodology for modeling nonlinear interactions in electronic-photonic co-simulation. The model is compatible with existing electronic design automation (EDA) platforms and can support rapid electronic-photonic co-simulation. It avoids describing the complicated physical process of the FWM and provides an easy way for system designers to monitor the dynamics of the critical optical parameters, thus accelerating the co-design and co-optimization of the electronic-photonic hybrid systems incorporating FWM.

Computational Identification of Migrating T cells in Spatial Transcriptomics Data.

T cells are the central players in antitumor immunity, and effective tumor killing depends on their ability to infiltrate into the tumor microenvironment (TME) while maintaining normal cytotoxicity. However, late-stage tumors develop immunosuppressive mechanisms that impede T cell movement and induce exhaustion. Investigating T cell migration in human tumors in vivo could provide novel insights into tumor immune escape, although it remains a challenging task.

Characterization and comparison of chemical compositions and biological activities of an edible mushroom (Lactarius volemus) of three different sizes.

Characterization and comparison of the chemical compositions and biological activities of Lactarius volemus of three different sizes (large size, medium size, small size) were investigated in this work. By comparing three sizes of Lactarius volemus, the small-sized Lactarius volemus had the highest content of crude fiber, fat, crude protein, total sugar, reducing sugar, polyphenols, and total flavonoids, whereas medium-sized Lactarius volemus showed the highest content of ash and total amino acids. Meanwhile, the small-sized Lactarius volemus also exhibited the best 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhy drazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, α-amylase inhibitory activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity.

Analyzes of pan-genome and resequencing atlas unveil the genetic basis of jujube domestication.

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), belonging to the Rhamnaceae family, is gaining increasing prominence as a perennial fruit crop with significant economic and medicinal values. Here, we conduct de novo assembly of four reference-grade genomes, encompassing one wild and three cultivated jujube accessions.

Deciphering the impact of MreB on the morphology and pathogenicity of the aquatic pathogen Spiroplasma eriocheiris.

Background: Spiroplasma eriocheiris has been proved to be a pathogen causing tremor disease of Eriocheir sinensis, it is also infectious to other aquatic crustaceans, resulting in a serious threat on the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. S. eriocheiris is a helical-shaped microbe without a cell wall, and its motility is related to the cytoskeleton protein MreB which belongs to the actin superfamily and has five MreB homologs.

Is transcranial alternating current stimulation effective for improving working memory? A three-level meta-analysis.

Working memory, an essential component of cognitive function, can be improved through specific methods. This meta-analysis evaluates the effectiveness of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), an emerging technique for enhancing working memory, and explores its efficacy, influencing factors, and underlying mechanisms. A PRISMA systematic search was conducted.