A slow-release strategy of to enhance the degradation of cellulose by in the ensiling process of corn stalk.

The enhancement of cellulose degradation is important for improving the quality of corn-stalk silage. However, the rapid drop in pH caused by the propagation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can influence the degradation of cellulose by cellulose-degrading microorganisms (CDMs) during the mixed fermentation process of ensilage. In this study, a CDM ( 2-4, BM 2-4) was isolated, and its lyophilization condition was studied.

Interaction effects on acoustic emissions of submicron ultrasound contrast agents at subharmonic resonances.

Submicron ultrasound contrast agents hold great potential to extend the bubble-mediated theranostics beyond the vasculature, but their acoustic response and the interaction effects between them remain poorly understood. This study set out to numerically examine the interaction effects on the subharmonic oscillations of nanobubbles and the resultant acoustic emissions under subharmonic resonance conditions. Results showed that a negative correlation between bubble size and subharmonic resonance frequency is readily obtained from the radius response curves.

Oncoplastic Breast-Conserving Surgery for Upper Inner Quadrant Breast Cancer Using Pedicled Pectoralis Major Myofascial Flap.

Background: Oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery (OBCS) has emerged as a pivotal approach in the management of breast cancer, ensuring both oncological safety and aesthetic outcomes. However, challenges persist, particularly in upper inner quadrant (UIQ) tumors, where achieving satisfactory cosmetic results while preserving oncological integrity remains intricate.

Methods: 15 patients with UIQ breast cancer received OBCS using a pedicled pectoralis major myofascial flap (PMMF).

Enhancing enzymatic resistance of pea type 3 resistant starch through pressure heating and annealing.

Type III resistant starch (RS3) is an important functional food ingredient. In this study, RS3 was prepared by retrogradation of pea starch after acid hydrolysis and pullulanase debranching. Heat-moisture treatments, including annealing (90 °C, 40-70 % moisture content) and pressure heating (121 °C, 10-40 % moisture content), were employed to further enhance the RS content of pea RS3.

Investigation of pre-crash avoidance kinematics in pedestrians of different ages through volunteer experiment and scaling methodology.

Objective: Understanding pedestrians' pre-crash avoidance kinematics is crucial for improving the identification of potential collision areas in interactions with highly automated vehicles (HAVs). Age significantly influences pedestrian avoidance velocity and the subsequent crash risks. However, current active safety systems in HAVs often overlook the influence of pedestrians' avoidance velocity and age on imminent accidents.

Phyllospheric fungal diversity in decomposing larch leaf litter: a comparative study of epiphytic and endophytic fungi.

Introduction: Epiphytic and endophytic fungi are primary decomposers of forest litter due to their complex species composition and metabolic functions. To clarify the community diversity of phyllospheric fungi and to explore nutrient loss and the role of fungal decomposition, we conducted a study on the decomposition of leaf litter during the 1-year decomposition of in the cold temperate zone.

Methods: Fungal diversity data were characterized via Single Molecule Sequencing (based on the Sequel II Sequencing System) and statistical analyses in R.

Activation strategies and effectiveness of Intelligent safety systems for reducing pedestrian injuries in autonomous vehicles.

Intelligent safety systems (ISS) for autonomous vehicles, integrating advanced perception capabilities and passive protection devices, are expected to reshape traditional pedestrian safety systems and play a key role in reducing the risk of pedestrian injuries in traffic accidents. However, traditional active control and passive protection modules remain disconnected due to insufficient evidence supporting the effectiveness of collaborative strategies in integrated systems, particularly concerning activation criteria and timing. This study aims to address this gap by developing a comprehensive ISS that incorporates advanced perception systems, a vehicle dynamic control module, and controllable passive safety devices.

Mulberry leaf ameliorate STZ induced diabetic rat by regulating hepatic glycometabolism and fatty acid β-oxidation.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder marked by disruptions in glucolipid metabolism, with numerous signaling pathways contributing to its progression. The liver, as the hub of glycolipid metabolism, plays a pivotal role in this context. Mulberry leaf (ML), a staple in traditional Chinese medicine, is widely utilized in the clinical management of T2D.

Res@LDH: A Novel Nanohybrid Therapeutic for Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury with Dual Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Efficiency.

Ischemic stroke poses a global health challenge, necessitating effective therapeutic interventions given the limited time window for thrombolytic therapy. Here, we present Res@LDH, a novel nanohybrid therapeutic agent boasting a dual reactive oxygen species scavenging efficiency of approximately 90%. Comprising Ge-containing layered double hydroxide nanosheets (Ge-LDH) as a drug nanocarrier and resveratrol as a neuroprotective agent, Res@LDH demonstrates enhanced permeability across the blood-brain barrier, ensuring high biocompatibility and stability.

Age-related differences in psychopathology within sex chromosome trisomies.

Sex chromosome trisomies (SCTs) are a group of genetic disorders characterized by presence of a supernumerary sex chromosome, resulting in karyotypes other than XX or XY. These include XXX (Trisomy X), XXY (Klinefelter syndrome), and XYY (Jacobs syndrome). Sex chromosome trisomies have been linked to increased risk for psychopathology; however, this relationship warrants additional research.

Regulation of macrophage uptake through the bio-nano interaction using surface functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles with large radial pores.

Porous nanoparticles, such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), have garnered significant interest for biomedical applications. Recently, MSNs with large radial pores have attracted increased attention because their unique pore structure and large pore size are suitable for delivering large molecules such as proteins and genes. Upon entry into biological systems like the bloodstream, nanoparticles quickly form a 'protein corona,' leading to alterations in their interactions with immune cells.

Circulating Biomarkers Predict Immunotherapeutic Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using a Machine Learning Method.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is a promising treatment for cancer. However, the response rate to ICI therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is low (approximately 30%). Thus, an approach to predict whether a patient will benefit from ICI therapy is required.

Influence of fractions with different molecular weight distributions from high-amylose starches on their digestibility after recrystallization.

Type 3 resistant starches (RS3) were prepared from debranched starch (DBS) with different average degree of polymerization (DP) generated from high-amylose pea starch (HAPS) and high-amylose maize starch (HAMS). The results showed that RS3 with DP 35 and DP 39 had the highest RS content (74.5 % and 75.

Functional Mechanisms and the Application of Developmental Regulators for Improving Genetic Transformation in Plants.

Enhancing the genetic transformation efficiency of major crops remains a significant challenge, primarily due to their suboptimal regeneration efficiency. Developmental regulators, known as key regulatory genes, involved in plant meristem and somatic embryo formation, play a crucial role in improving plant meristem induction and regeneration. This review provides a detailed summary of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of many developmental regulators, in the context of enhancing the genetic transformation efficiency in major crops.

The potential role of transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) in Alzheimer's disease.

Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are a series of cholesterol-related transcription factors. Their role in regulating brain cholesterol biosynthesis, amyloid accumulation, and tau tangles formation has been intensively studied in protein-protein interaction analysis based on genes in clinical databases. SREBPs play an important role in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis in the brain.

Modular Nano-Antigen Display Platform for Pigs Induces Potent Immune Responses.

Multivalent presentation of antigens using nanoparticles (NPs) as a platform is an effective strategy to enhance the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines and thus induce a high level of organismal immune response. Our previous results showed that pre-existing porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) antibodies could increase the antibody levels of nanoparticle vaccines carried in PCV2 VLPs. Here, we have established a generalized nanoantigen display platform, Cap-Cat virus-like particles (VLPs).

Mutagenesis selection and large-scale cultivation of non-green for food applications.

Background: The green alga is an accepted food ingredient in the United States of America (United States), the European Union, Singapore, and China. It can be consumed in unlimited quantities. As this alga is rich in nutrients, proteins, and rough polysaccharides and contains a balanced proportion of various amino acids, it is an excellent raw material for food production.

SurfFlow: A Flow-Based Approach for Rapid and Accurate Cortical Surface Reconstruction from Infant Brain MRI.

The infant brain undergoes rapid changes in volume, shape, and structural organization during the first postnatal year. Accurate cortical surface reconstruction (CSR) is essential for understanding rapid changes in cortical morphometry during early brain development. However, existing CSR methods, designed for adult brain MRI, fall short in reconstructing cortical surfaces from infant MRI, owing to the poor tissue contrasts, partial volume effects, and rapid changes in cortical folding patterns.