Cross-sectional imaging: current status and future potential in adult celiac disease.

Celiac disease (CD), triggered by exposure to gluten in genetically susceptible individuals, is an immune-mediated small bowel disease affecting about 1% of the population worldwide. But the prevalence of CD varies with age, sex, and location. A strict gluten-free diet remains the primary treatment for CD, currently.

Clinical outcome is distinct between radiological stricture and endoscopic stricture in ileal Crohn's disease.

Objectives: Differences in clinical adverse outcomes (CAO) based on different intestinal stricturing definitions in Crohn's disease (CD) are poorly documented. This study aims to compare CAO between radiological strictures (RS) and endoscopic strictures (ES) in ileal CD and explore the significance of upstream dilatation in RS.

Methods: This retrospective double-center study included 199 patients (derivation cohort, n = 157; validation cohort, n = 42) with bowel strictures who simultaneously underwent endoscopic and radiologic examinations.

Preoperative computed tomography enterography-based radiomics signature: A potential predictor of postoperative anastomotic recurrence in patients with Crohn's disease.

Background: More than half of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) require at least one surgery for symptom management; however, approximately half of the patients may experience postoperative anastomotic recurrence (PAR).

Objectives: This study aims to develop and validate a preoperative computed tomography enterography (CTE)-based radiomics signature to predict early PAR in CD.

Design: A total of 186 patients with CD (training cohort, n = 134; test cohort, n = 52) who underwent preoperative CTE and surgery between January 2014 and June 2020 were included in this retrospective multi-centre study.

Hepatic mosaic enhancement pattern correlates with increased inflammatory activity and adverse therapeutic outcomes in patients with Crohn's disease.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the role of hepatic mosaic enhancement pattern (HMEP) on computed tomography images in the disease activity and therapeutic outcome of Crohn's Disease (CD).

Methods: Twenty-five CD patients with HMEP comprised the HMEP group, and 25 CD patients without HMEP, who had a similar onset age, sex, and disease course with those in the HMEP group, comprised the non-HMEP group. No underlying liver/biliary disease was observed in any of the patients.

A novel identification system combining diffusion kurtosis imaging with conventional magnetic resonance imaging to assess intestinal strictures in patients with Crohn's disease.

Purpose: To determine the utility of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) for assessing bowel fibrosis and to establish a new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based classification based on DKI and conventional MRI parameters for characterizing intestinal strictures in Crohn's disease (CD) using the histological evaluation of resected intestine samples as the reference standard.

Methods: Thirty-one patients with CD undergoing preoperative conventional MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) (b values = 0-2000 s/mm) were consecutively enrolled. We classified the mural T2-weighted signal intensity and arterial-phase enhancement patterns on conventional MRI.

Cross-sectional imaging for assessing intestinal fibrosis in Crohn's disease.

More than 30% of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) develop fibrotic strictures in the bowel as the disease progresses. Excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components in the submucosa and smooth muscle hypertrophy or hyperplasia are the main features of fibrosis in CD. Cross-sectional imaging technology provides a wealth of information on the anatomy, histological composition, and physiological function of the bowel, allowing for a non-invasive and complete evaluation of associated abnormalities.

Magnetisation transfer imaging adds information to conventional MRIs to differentiate inflammatory from fibrotic components of small intestinal strictures in Crohn's disease.

Objectives: Identifying inflammation- or fibrosis-predominant strictures in Crohn's disease (CD) is crucial for treatment strategies. We evaluated the additive value of magnetisation transfer (MT) to conventional MRI for differentiating CD strictures using surgical histopathology as a reference standard.

Methods: Twenty-eight consecutive CD patients who underwent MRI preoperatively were recruited.

A novel collagen area fraction index to quantitatively assess bowel fibrosis in patients with Crohn's disease.

Background: A validated histopathological tool to precisely evaluate bowel fibrosis in patients with Crohn's disease is lacking. We attempted to establish a new index to quantify the severity of bowel fibrosis in patients with Crohn's disease-associated fibrostenosis.

Methods: We analyzed the histopathological data of 31 patients with Crohn's disease strictures undergoing surgical resection.

Ability of DWI to characterize bowel fibrosis depends on the degree of bowel inflammation.

Objectives: Although diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is reported to be accurate in detecting bowel inflammation in Crohn's disease (CD), its ability to assess bowel fibrosis remains unclear. This study assessed the role of DWI in the characterization of bowel fibrosis using surgical histopathology as the reference standard.

Methods: Abdominal DWI was performed before elective surgery in 30 consecutive patients with CD.

IVIM with fractional perfusion as a novel biomarker for detecting and grading intestinal fibrosis in Crohn's disease.

Objectives: Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides information on both perfusion and diffusion and has been used to evaluate Crohn's disease (CD) activity and fibrosis in children; however, there are no reports on its use in adults. We aimed to determine its value for detecting and grading intestinal fibrosis in adults with CD compared with contrast-enhanced imaging and traditional diffusion-weighted imaging using surgical histopathology as a reference standard.

Methods: Twenty-four adults with CD underwent preoperative IVIM, traditional diffusion-weighted, and contrast-enhanced imaging.

Diffusion kurtosis MRI versus conventional diffusion-weighted imaging for evaluating inflammatory activity in Crohn's disease.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and to compare DKI-derived parameters with that of conventional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for grading the inflammatory activity of Crohn's disease (CD).

Materials And Methods: In all, 38 patients with CD underwent 3T magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) with DKI (b values of 0-2000 s/mm ). The inflammatory activity of the bowel segments was graded by magnetic resonance index of activity (MaRIA) as inactive (<7), mild (≥7 and <11), or moderate-severe (≥11).

Diffusion-weighted MRI Enables to Accurately Grade Inflammatory Activity in Patients of Ileocolonic Crohn's Disease: Results from an Observational Study.

Background: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a novel technique to evaluate bowel inflammation in Crohn's disease (CD). It remains unclear whether DWI could differentiate grades of inflammation activity and add to the accuracy of conventional magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) in defining disease activity. We aimed to assess the accuracy of DWI for evaluating ileocolonic CD inflammation compared with conventional MRE, using ileocolonoscopy as reference standard.

CT findings of intrarenal yolk sac tumor with tumor thrombus extending into the inferior vena cava: a case report.

Yolk sac tumor (YST) is a rare germ cell neoplasm of childhood that usually arises from the testis or ovary. The rare cases of YST in various extragonadal locations have been reported, but the primary intrarenal YST is even more uncommon. Here, we report a case of a primary intrarenal YST with tumor thrombus of the inferior vena cava and left renal vein in a 2-year-old boy, with an emphasis on the CT features.

Sixty-four-slice computed tomography angiography of perigastric veins with image fusion.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and clinical value of 64-slice computed tomography angiography (CTA) with image fusion for demonstrating the perigastric venous anatomy.

Methods: Twenty-six patients with gastric cancer underwent abdominal CTA examinations. Computed tomography angiography of stomach and perigastric veins and arteries were reconstructed and fused using volume-rendering technique.