Mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction and intestinal damage induced by ingestion of microplastics in Leuciscus waleckii: The role of the NF-κB/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

This study investigates the impact of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on the growth, immunity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and intestinal health of Leuciscus waleckii (3.00 ± 0.02 g) juveniles over 8 weeks.

Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 prevents the progression of liver injury.

Background: Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) plays a crucial role in metabolizing and detoxifying endogenous and exogenous substances. However, its contribution to the progression of liver damage remains unclear.

Aim: To determine the role and mechanism of UGT1A1 in liver damage progression.

Chlorogenic acid improves common carp (Cyprinus carpio) liver and intestinal health through Keap-1/Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways: Growth performance, immune response and antioxidant capacity.

In this experiment, we investigated the effects of adding chlorogenic acid (CGA) to the diet on growth performance, immune function, inflammation response, antioxidant capacity and its related mechanisms of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A total of 600 fish were selected and randomly divided into five treatment groups and fed with CGA containing 0 mg/kg (CK), 100 mg/kg (L100), 200 mg/kg (L200), 400 mg/kg (L400) and 800 mg/kg (L800) for 56 days. The results of the experiment were as follows: addition of CGA significantly increased the WGR, SGR, FER, and PER of common carp (P < 0.

Alleviative effect of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate on lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and cell apoptosis in Cyprinus carpio.

In this study, the alleviative effects of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) in bioflocs on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were evaluated. Common carp were irregularity divided into 5 groups and fed five diets with 0 % (CK), 2 %, 4 %, 6 % and 8 % PHB. After 8-week feeding trial, LPS challenge was executed.

Region-specific sympatho-adrenergic regulation of specialized vasculature in bone homeostasis and regeneration.

Type H vessels couple angiogenesis with osteogenesis, while sympathetic cues regulate vascular and skeletal function. The crosstalk between sympathetic nerves and type H vessels in bone remains unclear. Here, we first identify close spatial connections between sympathetic nerves and type H vessels in bone, particularly in metaphysis.

A retrospective study of the accuracy of Invisalign Progress Assessment with clear aligners.

The objective of this study was to detective the accuracy of model superimposition and automatic analysis for upper and lower dentition width in Invisalign Progress Assessment during the process of clear aligners. 19 cases were included in this study. Pre-treatment dental cast (T0) and post-treatment dental cast after staged treatment (T1) were available for three-dimensional model superimposition.

Characterization of the induction kinetics and antiviral functions of IRF1, ISG15 and ISG20 in cells infected with gammacoronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus.

Coronavirus infection induces a variety of cellular antiviral responses either dependent on or independent of type I interferons (IFNs). Our previous studies using Affymetrix microarray and transcriptomic analysis revealed the differential induction of three IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), IRF1, ISG15 and ISG20, by gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection of IFN-deficient Vero cells and IFN-competent, p53-defcient H1299 cells, respectively. In this report, the induction kinetics and anti-IBV functions of these ISGs as well as mechanisms underlying their differential induction are characterized.

Intracellular alpha-fetoprotein mitigates hepatocyte apoptosis and necroptosis by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Background: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases, but how hepatocytes respond to ER stress has not been clarified. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is secreted by hepatoma cells and elevated levels of serum AFP are associated with development of liver malignancies.

Aim: To investigate whether and how AFP could regulate ER stress and hepatocyte injury.

Dimethyl fumarate ameliorates autoimmune hepatitis in mice by blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a fumaric acid derivative clinically approved for the treatment of some inflammatory diseases, but the underlying mechanism for its therapeutic effects remains incompletely understood. NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation has critical roles in innate immune responses to various infections and sterile inflammations. In this study, we aimed to explore whether DMF affects auto-immune hepatitis (AIH) in mice induced by concanavalin A (Con A) by modulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Ursodeoxycholic acid prevention on cholestasis associated with total parenteral nutrition in preterm infants: a randomized trial.

Background: Preterm infants with long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) therapy are at risk for cholestasis associated with total parenteral nutrition (PNAC). This study examined the safety and efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in preventing PNAC in preterm infants. Our research aimed to investigate the prophylactic effect of preventive oral UDCA on PNAC in preterm infants.

Taraxasterol mitigates Con A-induced hepatitis in mice by suppressing interleukin-2 expression and its signaling in T lymphocytes.

Discovery of anti-inflammatory drugs that can suppress T lymphocyte activation and proliferation by inhibiting TCR/CD3 and IL-2/IL-2R signaling is still needed in clinic, though rapamycin and other related reagents have made great success. Taraxasterol (TAS) is an active ingredient of dandelion, an anti-inflammatory medicinal herb with low in vivo toxicity that has long been used in China. Yet the action mechanism of TAS on lymphocytes remains elusive.

Gout-associated monosodium urate crystal-induced necrosis is independent of NLRP3 activity but can be suppressed by combined inhibitors for multiple signaling pathways.

Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, the etiological agent of gout, are formed in joints and periarticular tissues due to long-lasting hyperuricemia. Although MSU crystal-triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) release are known to have key roles in gouty arthritis, recent studies revealed that MSU crystal-induced necrosis also plays a critical role in this process. However, it remains unknown what forms of necrosis have been induced and whether combined cell death inhibitors can block such necrosis.

Recapitulating Developmental Condensation and Constructing Self-organised Cartilaginous Tissue for Cartilage Regeneration.

Objective: To develop a novel chondrocyte condensation culture strategy recapitulating developmental condensation and construct self-organised cartilaginous tissue for cartilage regeneration.

Methods: Cell-condensation aggregate (CCA) was generated using the condensation culture method by sequential cell seeding. The chondrification capacities and biocompatibilities of CCA were assessed by comparison with the cell-scaffold complex (CSC), which was constructed by cell-scaffold coculture.

Development of HiBiT-Tagged Recombinant Infectious Bronchitis Coronavirus for Efficient and Viral Quantification.

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped (+) ssRNA viruses of veterinary and medical importance. Because recombinant CoVs with reporter proteins fused with viral proteins are usually non-viable or unstable, a small and quantifiable epitope tag would be beneficial to CoV research. In this study, we integrated the NanoLuc Binary Technology to the reverse genetics of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a prototypic gammacoronavirus.

Quantitative Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy through the Interface-Assisted Self-Assembly of Three-Dimensional Silver Nanorod Substrates.

The realization of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to be a reliable quantitative analytical technique requires sensitive and reproducible enhancing substrates. Here, uniform three-dimensional (3D) Ag nanorod (AgNR) substrates with well-defined interlayer spacings are prepared through the air-liquid interface-assisted self-assembly of AgNR in a layer-by-layer manner. The correlation of the SERS performance with the 3D AgNR structures is performed by SERS mapping the substrates.

Corneal confocal microscopy as a non-invasive test to assess diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) as a non-invasive test to assess diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Chinese patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) and its severity degrees were assessed based on the modified Toronto diagnostic criteria in 128 patients with type 2 diabetes (No DSPN [n = 49], mild DSPN [n = 43], moderate-to-severe DSPN [n = 36]) and 24 age-matched controls. CCM was also examined in all enrolled subjects.

Bioelectrochemical enhancement of anaerobic digestion: Comparing single- and two-chamber reactor configurations at thermophilic conditions.

Bioelectrochemical system (BES) can act as an auxiliary technology for improving organic waste treatment and biogas production in anaerobic digestion (AD). For the first time this study directly compared the performance of a single- and a cation-exchange membrane-equipped two-chamber BES-AD systems at thermophilic conditions. The results indicated that an active glucose-fed thermophilic anaerobic sludge could readily (<3days) increase biogas production in both reactor configurations by inserting a carbon electrode poised at -0.

Antimicrobial activity of a quaternary ammonium methacryloxy silicate-containing acrylic resin: a randomised clinical trial.

Quaternary ammonium methacryloxy silicate (QAMS)-containing acrylic resin demonstrated contact-killing antimicrobial ability in vitro after three months of water storage. The objective of the present double-blind randomised clinical trial was to determine the in vivo antimicrobial efficacy of QAMS-containing orthodontic acrylic by using custom-made removable retainers that were worn intraorally by 32 human subjects to create 48-hour multi-species plaque biofilms, using a split-mouth study design. Two control QAMS-free acrylic disks were inserted into the wells on one side of an orthodontic retainer, and two experimental QAMS-containing acrylic disks were inserted into the wells on the other side of the same retainer.

One-pot synthesis of antibacterial monomers with dual biocidal modes.

Objectives: The present study reported a method for preparing a blend of antibacterial quaternary ammonium silanes and quaternary ammonium methacryloxy silane (QAMS) based on the sol-gel reaction between dimethyldiethoxy silane and two trialkoxysilanes, one with an antibacterial quaternary ammonium functionality and the other with a methacryloxy functionality.

Methods: Reaction products of the sol-gel reaction were characterised by direct infusion mass spectrometry, FTIR and proton, carbon and silicon NMR. This blend of monomers was incorporated into an experimental universal adhesive for evaluation of antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans biofilms, microtensile bond strength and cytotoxicty.

Anatomy of sodium hypochlorite accidents involving facial ecchymosis - a review.

Objectives: Root canal treatment forms an essential part of general dental practice. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most commonly used irrigant in endodontics due to its ability to dissolve organic soft tissues in the root canal system and its action as a potent antimicrobial agent. Although NaOCl accidents created by extrusion of the irrigant through root apices are relatively rare and are seldom life-threatening, they do create substantial morbidity when they occur.

[Effect of a desensitizing polishing paste on bonding strength of two self-etching adhesives to dentin].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of an 8% arginine-CaCO3 containing desensitizing polishing paste on bonding strength of two self-etching adhesives to dentin.

Methods: Thirty-six intact human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were collected within 1 month after extraction and randomly assigned into three groups using a table of random numbers (n = 12): specimens without any treatment served as control. In the polishing powder group specimens were polished with a slurry of pumice, and in the desensitizing polishing paste group dentin surfaces of the sample teeth were treated with 8% arginine-CaCO3 containing desensitizing polishing paste.