Standardized Ultrasound Diagnosis of Nuchal Cord.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the formation factors that affect the angle of nuchal cord and explore the types of nuchal cord that exist and the process of standardized ultrasound diagnosis of nuchal cord.

Methods: Ultrasonography was performed on 707 fetuses with nuchal cord, to observe the direction of the coil, determine the type of coil, and analyze the correlation between the fetal position, placental location, and the direction of the coil with the angle of the umbilical cord.

Results: Among the 707 fetuses, those with 1 loop accounted for 89.

Mitochondrial redox-driven mitofusin 2 S-glutathionylation promotes neuronal necroptosis via disrupting ER-mitochondria crosstalk in cadmium-induced neurotoxicity.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are known to affect the structural and functional damage in the neural system. Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental contaminant that is widely found in numerous environmental matrices and exhibits potential neurotoxic risk. However, it remains unclear how mitochondrial redox status induces, and whether Cd destabilizes, the ER-mitochondria crosstalk to have a toxic effect on the nervous system.

Standardization of diagnosis for coiling of the umbilical cord around fetal neck by ultrasound.

Objective: To elucidate classification of coiling of the umbilical cord around fetal neck (CUFN) by ultrasound and forming factors of entanglement angle of CUFN.

Methods: From January 2006 to December 2012, color Doppler ultrasonic was used to observe the blood flow vector of umbilical artery, and prospective descriptive observation was made for entanglement direction and type of 707 single fetuses taking prenatal examination in our hospital during the middle and late trimester of pregnancy and having umbilical cord echo around the neck. The relationship of position of fetus, position of placenta and entanglement direction of umbilical cord with the entanglement angle of umbilical cord is analyzed.