Transcriptomic Analysis of the Combined Effects of Methyl Jasmonate and Wounding on Flavonoid and Anthraquinone Biosynthesis in .

Jasmonates, including jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives such as methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or jasmonly isoleucine (JA-Ile), regulate plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we applied exogenous MeJA onto leaves subjected to wounding and conducted a transcriptome deep sequencing analysis at 1 (T1), 3 (T3), 6 (T6), and 24 (T24) h after MeJA induction, along with the pretreatment control at 0 h (T0). Out of 18,883 mapped genes, we identified 10,048 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the T0 time point and at least one of the four treatment times.

Enhancing transcriptome analysis in medicinal plants: multiple unigene sets in .

is a medicinal plant mainly used in East Asia and contains abundant secondary metabolites. Despite the importance of this plant, the available genomic and genetic information is still limited. transcriptome construction is recognized as an essential method for transcriptome research when reference genome information is incomplete.

First Contiguous Genome Assembly of Japanese Lady Bell () and Insights into Development of Different Leaf Types.

is an important medicinal and food plant found in East Asia. This plant is rich in secondary metabolites such as triterpenoid saponin, and its leaves can develop into different types, such as round and linear, depending on the origin of germination even within the same species. Despite this, few studies have comprehensively characterized the development processes of different leaf types and triterpenoid saponin pathways in this plant.

Chromosome-Scale Genome Assembly and Triterpenoid Saponin Biosynthesis in Korean Bellflower ().

belongs to the Campanulaceae family and is an important medicinal and food plant in East Asia. However, on the whole, the genome evolution of and the molecular basis of its major biochemical pathways are poorly understood. We reported a chromosome-scale genome assembly of based on a hybrid method using Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Illumina sequences, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) analysis.

The chromosome-level genome assembly of lance asiabell (), a medicinal and vegetable plant of the Campanulaceae family.

(2n = 2x = 16) belongs to the Campanulaceae family and is a valuable medicinal and vegetable plant primarily found in East Asia. Several studies have demonstrated its excellent pharmacological effects, for example in bronchial treatment. However, genomic information of is scarce, hindering studies on crop improvement of the species.

Co-Expression Analysis Reveals Differential Expression of Homologous Genes Associated with Specific Terpenoid Biosynthesis in .

Terpenoids are naturally occurring compounds involved in respiration, photosynthesis, membrane fluidity, and pathogen interactions and are classified according to the structure of their carbon skeleton. Although most terpenoids possess pharmacological activity, knowledge about terpenoid metabolism in medicinal plants is insufficient. () is a traditional herb that is widely used in East Asia and has been reported to contain various terpenoids.

Systemic Expression of Genes Involved in the Plant Defense Response Induced by Wounding in .

Wounds in tissues provide a pathway of entry for pathogenic fungi and bacteria in plants. Plants respond to wounding by regulating the expression of genes involved in their defense mechanisms. To analyze this response, we investigated the defense-related genes induced by wounding in the leaves of using RNA sequencing.

Machine learning, transcriptome, and genotyping chip analyses provide insights into SNP markers identifying flower color in Platycodon grandiflorus.

Bellflower is an edible ornamental gardening plant in Asia. For predicting the flower color in bellflower plants, a transcriptome-wide approach based on machine learning, transcriptome, and genotyping chip analyses was used to identify SNP markers. Six machine learning methods were deployed to explore the classification potential of the selected SNPs as features in two datasets, namely training (60 RNA-Seq samples) and validation (480 Fluidigm chip samples).

Induction of Glucoraphasatin Biosynthesis Genes by MYB29 in Radish ( L.) Roots.

Glucoraphasatin (GRH) is a specific aliphatic glucosinolate (GSL) that is only abundant in radish ( L.). The gene expression regulating GRH biosynthesis in radish is still poorly understood.

Compositional analyses of diverse phytochemicals and polar metabolites from different-colored potato ( L.) tubers.

Lipophilic bioactive compounds and hydrophilic primary metabolites from potato ( L.) tubers with different-colored flesh (white-, yellow-, red-, and purple) were characterized. The carotenoid content was relatively higher in red-colored potatoes, in which lutein was most plentiful.

Comparative analysis of phytochemicals and polar metabolites from colored sweet potato ( L.) tubers.

We determined the phytochemical diversity, including carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phenolic acids, in sweet potatoes ( L.) with distinctive flesh colors (white, orange, and purple) and identified hydrophilic primary metabolites. Carotenoid content was considerably higher in orange-fleshed sweet potatoes, wherein β-carotene was the most plentiful, and anthocyanins were detected only in purple-fleshed sweet potatoes.

Comparative evaluation of nutritional compositions between transgenic rice harboring the gene and the conventional counterpart.

As a part of a safety assessment of new transgenic crops, compositional equivalence studies between transgenic crops with non-transgenic comparators are almost universally required. This study was conducted to compare nutritional profiles of proximate composition, and fatty acid, amino acid, mineral, and vitamin contents, and anti-nutrients, between transgenic drought-tolerant Agb0103 rice harboring the pepper methionine sulfoxide reductase B2 gene and the parental rice cultivar, 'Ilmi' as a non-transgenic control. Both transgenic and non-transgenic rice were grown and harvested in 2 different locations.

Proteomic identification of a novel toxin protein (Txp40) from Xenorhabdus nematophila and its insecticidal activity against larvae of Plutella xylostella.

For the identification of a novel insecticidal protein, a two-dimensional liquid chromatography (PF-2D) system was used in a quantitative proteomic analysis of Xenorhabdus nematophila CBNU strain isolated from entomophagous nematode Steinernema carpocapsae . Protein patterns obtained from minimum and maximum insecticidal activities during cultivation were contrasted, and a novel toxin protein (Txp40) was identified by MALDI-TOF/MS. The DNA sequence of the cloned toxin gene (1089 bp) has an open reading frame encoding 363 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 41162 Da.

Exploiting leaf starch synthesis as a transient sink to elevate photosynthesis, plant productivity and yields.

Improvements in plant productivity (biomass) and yield have centered on increasing the efficiency of leaf CO(2) fixation and utilization of products by non-photosynthetic sink organs. We had previously demonstrated a correlation between photosynthetic capacity, plant growth, and the extent of leaf starch synthesis utilizing starch-deficient mutants. This finding suggested that leaf starch is used as a transient photosynthetic sink to recycle inorganic phosphate and, in turn, maximize photosynthesis.

Expression of PAT and NPT II proteins during the developmental stages of a genetically modified pepper developed in Korea.

Estimation of the protein levels introduced in a biotechnology-derived product is conducted as part of an overall safety assessment. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) and neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPT II) protein expression in a genetically modified (GM) pepper plant developed in Korea. PAT and NPT II expression levels, based on both dry weight and fresh weight, were variable among different plant generations and plant sections from isolated genetically modified organism (GMO) fields at four developmental stages.

Auto-excision of selectable marker genes from transgenic tobacco via a stress inducible FLP/FRT site-specific recombination system.

Antibiotic resistance marker genes are powerful selection tools for use in plant transformation processes. However, once transformation is accomplished, the presence of these resistance genes is no longer necessary and can even be undesirable. We herein describe the successful excision of antibiotic resistance genes from transgenic plants via the use of an oxidative stress-inducible FLP gene.

A sepal-expressed ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase gene (NtAGP) is required for petal expansion growth in 'Xanthi' tobacco.

In this study, a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum 'Xanthi') ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase cDNA (NtAGP) was isolated from a flower bud cDNA library and the role of NtAGP in the growth of the floral organ was characterized. The expression of NtAGP was high in the sepal, moderate in the carpel and stamen, and low in the petal tissues. NtAGP-antisense plants produced flowers with abnormal petal limbs due to the early termination of the expansion growth of the petal limbs between the corolla lobes.

Ribosome-inactivating activity and cDNA cloning of antiviral protein isoforms of Chenopodium album.

We have characterized a novel type I ribosome-inactivating protein (CAP30) from the leaves of Chenopodium album. Purified native CAP30 depurinated the ribosomes of Chenopodium, tomato, and tobacco leaves in vitro. To further characterize this protein, cDNA clones were isolated from a leaf cDNA library using a DNA probe derived from the N-terminal amino acid sequence.