Purification, characterization, and identification of 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzal acrolein-an intermediate of synthesizing advantame.

Advantame is a novel sweetener, and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzal acrolein is an important intermediate to synthesize the sweetener. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new low-cost method to purify 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzal acrolein, and the crude intermediate was used as raw material. The intermediate was purified using a low-pressure column chromatography with a C column, using a methanol-water (6:4, v/v) at a flow rate of 6.

Alleviation of cadmium-induced oxidative stress by trehalose via inhibiting the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway in primary rat proximal tubular cells.

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regulates a cluster of oxidative stress-inducible genes in cells. Here, we aimed to investigate whether trehalose (Tre) protects primary rat proximal tubular (rPT) cells against cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative stress via Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. Data showed that Tre treatment inhibited Nrf2 nuclear translocation and restored the decline in Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) protein level in Cd-exposed rPT cells.

Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil from Trachydium roylei.

Chemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity, and cytotoxicity of essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of Trachydium roylei were investigated in this study. The chemical composition of T. roylei essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry.

Characterisation of the turbid particles in the extraction of sugar beet pectins.

This paper was aimed at characterising the insoluble substances (IS) responsible for the turbidity of the extract and impurity of the resulting pectins. Results showed that the IS caused a significant increase in the turbidity of the extract. The IS had bi-pyramidal shapes under the SEM observation.

Short communication: possible mechanism for inhibiting the formation of polymers originated from 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde by sulfite groups in the dairy thermal process.

5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde can undergo polymerization to form high-molecular weight molecules via the Maillard reaction during dairy thermal treatment. In this study, the effect of sulfite group on polymer formation, especially in inhibiting the formation of high-molecular weight polymers has been described. Results showed that the sulfite group significantly inhibited the increase of polymer molecular weight via prevention of the polymerization of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde.

Anilinium 3,4-dihy-droxy-benzoate.

The asymmetric unit of the title salt, C(6)H(8)N(+)·C(7)H(5)O(4) (-), contains two anilinium cations and two 3,4-dihy-droxy-benzoate anions. An intra-moleculer O-H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs in each anion. In the crystal, O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the cations and anions into a three-dimensional array.

Poly[diaqua-(μ(5)-1H-imidazole-4,5-di-carboxyl-ato)(μ(4)-1H-imidazole-4,5-di-carboxyl-ato)tris-ilver(I)ytterbium(III)].

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Ag(3)Yb(C(5)HN(2)O(4))(2)(H(2)O)(2)](n), contains three Ag(I) ions, one Yb(III) ion, two imidazole-4,5-dicarboxyl-ate ligands and two coordinating water mol-ecules. The Yb(III) atom is eight-coordinated, in a bicapped trigonal prismatic coordination geometry, by six O atoms from three imidazole-4,5-dicarboxyl-ate ligands and two coordinating water mol-ecules. The two-coordinated Ag(I) ions exhibit three types of coordination environments.

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and extracts of Saurauia lantsangensis hu root.

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and n-hexane (HEE), chloroform (CHE), ethyl acetate (EAE), and methanol (MEE) extracts, respectively, from the root of Saurauia lantsangensis Hu were investigated. The GC-MS analysis revealed 39 compounds representing 96.41% of the oil containing T-muurolol (13.

Poly[tetra-deca-aqua-tetra-kis-(μ(3)-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxyl-ato)hexa-μ(3)-sulfato-cobalt(II)hexa-samarium(III)].

In the title three-dimensional compound, [CoSm(6)(C(5)H(2)N(2)O(4))(4)(SO(4))(6)(H(2)O)(14)](n), the Co(II) ion is six-coordinated with two O atoms and two N atoms from two imidazole-4,5-dicarboxyl-ate ligands and two coordinated water mol-ecules, giving a slightly distorted octa-hedral geometry. One Sm(III) ion is eight-coordinated in a bicapped trigonal-prismatic coordination geometry by four O atoms from two imidazole-4,5-dicarboxyl-ate ligands, two O atoms from two SO(4) (2-) anions and two coordinated water mol-ecules. The other two Sm(III) ions are nine-coordinated in a tricapped trigonal-prismatic coordination geometry; one of these Sm(III) ions is bonded to four O atoms from two imidazole-4,5-dicarboxyl-ate ligands, three O atoms from three SO(4) (2-) anions and two water O atoms, and the other Sm(III) ion is coordinated by one O atom and one N atom from one imidazole-4,5-dicarboxyl-ate ligand, five O atoms from three SO(4) (2-) anions, as well as two coordinated water mol-ecules.

Poly[[(μ(2)-acetato-κO,O':O')aqua-bis-(μ(3)-isonicotinato-κO:O':N)samarium(III)silver(I)] perchlorate].

The title compound, {[AgSm(C(6)H(4)NO(2))(2)(CH(3)CO(2))(H(2)O)]ClO(4)}(n), is a three-dimensional heterobimetallic complex constructed from a repeating dimeric unit. Only half of the dimeric moiety is found in the asymmetric unit; the unit cell is completed by crystallographic inversion symmetry. The Sm(III) ion is eight-coordinated by four O atoms of four different isonicotinate ligands, three O atoms of two different acetate ligands, and one O atom of a water mol-ecule.

28-day repeated dose oral toxicity of human copper-zinc superoxide dismutase from recombinant Pichia pastori in rats.

Human copper/zinc superoxide dismutase from recombinant Pichia pastori (RH-Cu/Zn-SOD) was orally administered, via gavage, to Sprague-Dawley rats at 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg body weight/day for 28 days. During the 28-day period, animals were examined for evidence of toxicity; there were no deaths, and in-life physical signs were normal. On day 29, the animals were exsanguinated, examined for gross pathology, and tissues were preserved for histopathology.