How probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics prevent dental caries: an oral microbiota perspective.

Dental caries, a highly prevalent oral disease, impacts a significant portion of the global population. Conventional approaches that indiscriminately eradicate microbes disrupt the natural equilibrium of the oral microbiota. In contrast, biointervention strategies aim to restore this balance by introducing beneficial microorganisms or inhibiting cariogenic ones.

The synergy of tea tree oil nano-emulsion and antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Aims: We determined the synergistic effects of tea tree essential oil nano-emulsion (nanoTTO) and antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in vitro and in vivo. Then, the underlying mechanism of action of nanoTTO was investigated.

Methods And Results: Minimum inhibitory concentrations and fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) were determined.

Tea tree oil nanoliposomes: optimization, characterization, and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli in vitro and in vivo.

The purpose of this study was to formulate tee tree oil nanoliposomes (TTONL) and evaluate its characterization and antibacterial activity. TTONL was prepared by thin film hydration and sonication technique, and the preparation conditions were optimized by Box-behnken response surface method. The characterization (morphology, size, zeta potential, and stability) and antibacterial activity of TTONL against Escherichia coli (E.

Bactericidal activity of gallic acid against multi-drug resistance Escherichia coli.

The continuous emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has posed an increasingly serious public health threat which urges people to develop some alternatives. Gallic acid (GA) is a natural ingredient in many traditional Chinese medicines, which has many biological activities, such as antibacterial, and antiseptic. Here, clinical isolates of MDR Escherichia coli (E.

The protective effect and potential mechanisms of eugenol against Salmonella in vivo and in vitro.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) continues to be a serious concern to the poultry industry as a bacterial foodborne zoonosis, which generally results in intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction or even death. Eugenol is a phenolic compound with various pharmacological activities involved antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects, which is expected to be an effective nonantibiotic therapy.

Eugenol exposure in vitro inhibits the expressions of T3SS and TIF virulence genes in Salmonella Typhimurium and reduces its pathogenicity to chickens.

Background: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a common food-borne pathogen, which has the ability to infect a wide range of hosts. The increasing emergence of drug-resistant strains urgently requires new alternative therapies.

Characterization of tea tree oil nanoemulsion and its acute and subchronic toxicity.

Tea tree oil (TTO) is a popular topical use to treat skin infections. However, its poor aqueous solubility and stability have substantially limited its widespread application, including oral administration that might be therapeutic for enteric infections. In this study, mechanical ultrasonic methods were used to prepare TTO nanoemulsion (nanoTTO) with a mean droplet diameter of 161.

Artesunate ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by protecting intestinal barrier and inhibiting inflammatory response.

There are very few reports on the protective effect of artesunate (ARS) in ulcerative colitis (UC). This study focused on the efficacy of ARS on intestinal barrier, inflammatory response, and potential mechanism in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. The results suggested that ARS treatment markedly alleviated DSS-induced clinical symptoms by relieving body weight loss, the disease activity index (DAI) score, and preventing colonic shortening.

Synergistic Activity of Fluoroquinolones Combining with Artesunate Against Multidrug-Resistant .

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is an increasing public health concern worldwide. Artesunate (ART) has been reported to be significantly effective in enhancing the effectiveness of various β-lactam antibiotics against MDR via inhibiting the efflux pump genes. Apart from β-lactam antibiotics, there is no report regarding the potential synergistic effects of ART combining with fluoroquinolones (FQs).

LC-MS guided isolation of gracilistones A and B, a pair of diastereomeric sesquiterpenoids with an unusual tetrahydrofuran-fused tricyclic skeleton from Acanthopanax gracilistylus and their potential anti-inflammatory activities.

Gracilistones A (1) and B (2), two new eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids with an unusual tetrahydrofuran-fused 6/6/5 tricyclic ring system, were obtained from Acanthopanax gracilistylus under the guidance of LC-MS investigation. Their structures and absolute configurations were assigned by extensive spectroscopic analyses and quantum calculation methods. Compounds 1 and 2 showed potent inhibitory activity against LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.