Energetic demands regulate sleep-wake rhythm circuit development.

Sleep and feeding patterns lack strong daily rhythms during early life. As diurnal animals mature, feeding is consolidated to the day and sleep to the night. In , circadian sleep patterns are initiated with formation of a circuit connecting the central clock to arousal output neurons; emergence of circadian sleep also enables long-term memory (LTM).

Incidence of pediatric narcolepsy diagnosis and management: evidence from claims data.

Study Objectives: The purpose of this study was to characterize the incidence of pediatric narcolepsy diagnosis, subsequent care, and potential sociodemographic disparities in a large US claims database.

Methods: Merative MarketScan insurance claims (n = 12,394,902) were used to identify youth (6-17 years of age) newly diagnosed with narcolepsy ( codes). Narcolepsy diagnosis and care 1 year postdiagnosis included polysomnography with Multiple Sleep Latency Test, pharmacological care, and clinical visits.

Energetic Demands Regulate Sleep-Wake Rhythm Circuit Development.

Sleep and feeding patterns lack strong daily rhythms during early life. As diurnal animals mature, feeding is consolidated to the day and sleep to the night. In , circadian sleep patterns are initiated with formation of a circuit connecting the central clock to arousal output neurons; emergence of circadian sleep also enables long-term memory (LTM).

regulates early developmental sleep in .

Sleep disturbances are common in neurodevelopmental disorders, but knowledge of molecular factors that govern sleep in young animals is lacking. Evidence across species, including , suggests that juvenile sleep has distinct functions and regulatory mechanisms in comparison to sleep in maturity. In flies, manipulation of most known adult sleep regulatory genes is not associated with sleep phenotypes during early developmental (larval) stages.