Eicosapentaenoic acid attenuates Aβ-induced neurotoxicity by decreasing neuroinflammation through regulation of microglial polarization.

Objective: Although the cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still controversial, it is generally accepted that neuroinflammation plays a key role in AD pathogenesis. Thus, regulating the polarization of microglia will help in recovering from AD since microglia can be polarized into classical M1 and alternative M2 phenotypes, M1 microglia leading to neuroinflammation and M2 microglia acting as anti-inflammatory effectors. Our previous study demonstrated that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an essential n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, may modulate glial cell activity and functions, but it is not clear whether EPA plays a role in microglial polarization.

[Effects of combined application of pig manure with urea on grain yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency in rice-wheat rotation system].

To examine the effects of pig manure application on dry matter production, nitrogen accumulation and distribution, grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice and wheat, the field trial was conducted with wheat 863 and rice 498. Fertilization treatments consisted of seven rates of organic manure supply: control (CK, no chemical nitrogen fertilizer, no pig manure), conventional fertilizing (T, no pig manure), 2500 kg·hm pig manure with 75% conventional fertilizing (T), 5000 kg·hm pig manure with 50% conventional fertilizing (T), 10000 kg·hm pig manure (T), 15000 kg·hm pig manure (T) and 20000 kg·hm pig manure (T). Combined application of pig manure with chemical fertilizer promoted dry matter accumulation of rice and wheat throughout the growing season.