Histological features of hypovascular or avascular renal cell carcinoma: the experience at four university hospitals.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the pathological features of hypovascular or avascular renal cell carcinoma (RCC), by the retrospective review of the histological features that coincide with hypovascular or avascular RCC.

Methods: Seven hundred and ninety-one patients who underwent both preoperative angiography and nephrectomy were examined. Of these patients, the 126 patients (15.