Cost-effectiveness of universal esophageal cancer screening for newly diagnosed oral cancer patients.

Background And Aim: Oral and esophageal cancers are globally prevalent, especially in East Asia. Over half of head and neck cancer patients developing second primary esophageal cancer (SPEC) were initially diagnosed with oral cavity cancer (OCC). This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of universal endoscopic screening for early SPEC prevention in newly diagnosed OCC patients at different stages.

Areca nut-induced metabolic reprogramming and M2 differentiation promote OPMD malignant transformation.

Background: Betel quid and its major ingredient, areca nut, are recognized by IARC as major risk factors in oral cancer development. Areca nut extract (ANE) exposure has been linked to OPMD progression and malignant transformation to OSCC. However, the detailed mechanism through which ANE acts on other cell types in the oral microenvironment to promote oral carcinogenesis remains elusive.

A half sandwich Ru(II)--cymene nitrite complex selectively induces cell death in cisplatin-resistant malignant melanoma cells.

The Ru(II)-nitrite complex, Ru4, is explored to release nitric oxide (NO) under acidic conditions and selectively induce a cytotoxic effect towards SK-MEL-28 cisplatin-resistant malignant melanoma cells. These findings suggest that targeting the tumor-associated pHe level could be an effective strategy for the drug function of Ru(II)-nitrite compounds.

RAD51 is a poor prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: RAD51 overexpression has been reported to serve as a marker of poor prognosis in several cancer types. This study aimed to survey the role of RAD51 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and whether RAD51 could be a potential therapeutic target.

Materials And Methods: RAD51 protein expression, assessed by immunohistochemical staining, was used to examine associations with survival and clinicopathological profiles of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Fumarate hydratase functions as a tumor suppressor in endometrial cancer by inactivating EGFR signaling.

Fumarase hydratase (FH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration and dehydration of fumarate to malate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The present study addressed the role of FH in endometrial cancer and clinically observed that the expression of FH was significantly lower in endometrial cancer tissues compared with normal endometrial tissues and, furthermore, that the decreased FH expression in endometrial cancer tissues was significantly associated with increased tumor size and lymph node metastasis. Further analysis in study showed that cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities were increased when the expression of FH in the endometrial cancer cells was knocked down, but, by contrast, overexpression of FH in endometrial cancer cells decreased cell proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities.

Clinical Trial on the Safety and Tolerability of Personalized Cancer Vaccines Using Human Platelet Lysate-Induced Antigen-Presenting Cells.

Research and development of personalized cancer vaccines as precision medicine are ongoing. We predicted human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-compatible cancer antigen candidate peptides based on patient-specific cancer genomic profiles and performed a Phase I clinical trial for the safety and tolerability of cancer vaccines with human platelet lysate-induced antigen-presenting cells (HPL-APCs) from peripheral monocytes. Among the five enrolled patients, two patients completed six doses per course (2-3 × 10 cells per dose), and an interim analysis was performed based on the immune response.

IL-1RA promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma malignancy through mitochondrial metabolism-mediated EGFR/JNK/SOX2 pathway.

Background: Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), a member of the IL-1 family, has diverse roles in cancer development. However, the role of IL-1RA in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), in particular the underlying mechanisms, remains to be elucidated.

Methods: Tumor tissues from OSCC patients were assessed for protein expression by immunohistochemistry.

IL17RB expression is associated with malignant cancer behaviors and poor prognosis in oral cancer.

Objectives: Previously, we demonstrated that IL17RB plays an essential role in lung cancer progression. This study aimed to determine whether IL17RB correlates with oral cancer and promotes oral cancer progression.

Subjects And Methods: IL17RB expression in oral cancer tissues and normal tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry staining, while the association of IL17RB expression with the clinicopathological characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients was analyzed and its correlation with progression-free survival and response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in OSCC patients was also explored.

One-step-one-pot hydrothermally derived metal-organic-framework-nanohybrids for integrated point-of-care diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 viral antigen/pseudovirus utilizing electrochemical biosensor chip.

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a global catastrophe, affecting the health and economy of the human community. It is required to mitigate the impact of pandemics by developing rapid molecular diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 virus detection. In this context, developing a rapid point-of-care (POC) diagnostic test is a holistic approach to the prevention of COVID-19.

Effect of esophageal cancer screening on mortality among patients with oral cancer and second primary esophageal cancer in Taiwan.

Objective: Oral and esophageal cancer are the fourth and fifth leading causes of cancer deaths among men in Taiwan. Despite a good prognosis for oral cavity cancer patients, survival is worse for those who develop second primary esophageal cancer. There remains no consensus regarding early prevention of potential second primary esophageal cancer in patients with oral cavity cancer.

Sprouty 4 expression in human oral squamous cell carcinogenesis.

Background/purpose: Reviewing literature, sprouty 4 (SPRY4) has not been studied in human oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). The study aimed to examine SPRY4 expression in human oral squamous cell carcinogenesis.

Materials And Methods: A total of 95 OSCCs, 10 OPMDs with malignant transformation (MT), 17 OPMDs without MT, and six normal oral mucosa (NOM) samples were recruited for immunohistochemical staining; three OSCC tissues with normal tissue counterpart NOM were employed for Western blotting.

A lesion-selective albumin-CTLA4Ig as a safe and effective treatment for collagen-induced arthritis.

Background: CTLA4Ig is a dimeric fusion protein of the extracellular domain of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA4) and an Fc (Ig) fragment of human IgG that is approved for treating rheumatoid arthritis. However, CTLA4Ig may induce adverse effects. Developing a lesion-selective variant of CTLA4Ig may improve safety while maintaining the efficacy of the treatment.

Overexpression of transient receptor potential melastatin 6 during human oral squamous cell carcinogenesis.

Background/purpose: Transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) channel is involved in cell proliferation and cell survival. Eight members (TRPM1-8) are within the TRPM subfamily. The current study is aimed to investigate TRPM6 expression in human oral carcinogenesis.

Fumarate hydratase inhibits non-small cell lung cancer metastasis via inactivation of AMPK and upregulation of DAB2.

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. As it is often first diagnosed only when cancer metastasis has already occurred, the development of effective biomarkers for the risk prediction of cancer metastasis, followed by stringent monitoring and the early treatment of high-risk patients, is essential for improving patient survival. Cancer cells exhibit alterations in metabolic pathways that enable them to maintain rapid growth and proliferation, which are quite different from the metabolic pathways of normal cells.

CD44 Promotes Breast Cancer Metastasis through AKT-Mediated Downregulation of Nuclear FOXA2.

The primary cause of breast cancer mortality is the metastatic invasion of cancerous stem cells (CSC). Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) is a well-known CSC marker in various cancers, as well as a key role player in metastasis and relapse of breast cancer. CD44 is a cell-membrane embedded protein, and it interacts with different proteins to regulate cancer cell behavior.

ADSCs stimulated by resistin promote breast cancer cell malignancy via CXCL5 in a breast cancer coculture model.

The tumor microenvironment represents one of the main obstacles in breast cancer treatment owing to the presence of heterogeneous stromal cells, such as adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), that may interact with breast cancer cells and promote cancer development. Resistin is an adipocytokine associated with adverse breast cancer progression; however, its underlying mechanisms in the context of the breast tumor microenvironment remain largely unidentified. Here, we utilized a transwell co-culture model containing patient-derived ADSCs and breast cancer cell lines to investigate their potential interaction, and observed that breast cancer cells co-cultured with resistin-treated ADSCs (R-ADSCs) showed enhanced cancer cell growth and metastatic ability.

Effects of Betel-Quid-Related Symptoms, Pathological Behaviors, and Use Disorder on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk.

The neuroactive alkaloids in betel quid (BQ) can induce BQ addiction. We conducted a case-control study to investigate the effects of BQ-associated symptoms, pathological behaviors, and BQ use disorder (BUD) on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) risk. A total of 233 patients with newly diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed OSCC and 301 sex- and age-matched controls were included.

Comparative effectiveness and stage-shift effect of endoscopic exam among newly diagnosed oral cancer patients with different stages in Taiwan.

Background: Patients with oral cancer are at higher risk of developing second primary esophageal cancer (SPEC) and the consensus for screening strategies remains unclear. This study aimed to examine comparative effectiveness and the stage-shift effect of endoscopic exam among patients with oral cancer.

Method: A population-based longitudinal retrospective observational matched case and control cohort study with at least 5 years follow-up was conducted.

CD44 Mediates Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Promoting Activity of MRE11 via AKT Signaling.

Oral cancer is one of the highest-incidence malignancies worldwide, with the occurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) being the most frequently diagnosed form. A barrier for oral cancer management may arise from tumor cells that possess properties of cancer stemness, which has been recognized as a crucial factor in tumor recurrence and metastasis. As such, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these tumor cells may provide insights for improving cancer treatment.

Expression of Orai1 and STIM1 in human oral squamous cell carcinogenesis.

Background/purpose: Return of Ca to endoplasmic reticulum is mediated by Orai/STIM-mediated store-operated Ca entry (SOCE) channel. We aimed to investigate Orai1 and STIM1 expressions in human oral carcinogenesis.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-six oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), 14 oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) with moderate-severe oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), 19 OPMD with mild OED, and 14 normal oral mucosa (NOM) samples were subjected to immunohistochemical staining.

Fabrication of 3D Amino-Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework on Porous Nickel Foam Skeleton to Combinate Follicle Stimulating Hormone Antibody for Specific Recognition of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone.

In this study, a superficial and highly efficient hydrothermal synthesis method was developed for the in situ growth of amine-functionalized iron containing metal-organic frameworks (HN-Fe-MIL-101 MOFs) on porous nickel foam (NicF) skeletons (HN-Fe-MIL-101/NicF). The uniform decoration of the HN-Fe-MIL-101 nanosheets thus generated on NicF was immobilized with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) antibody (Ab-FSH) to detect FSH antigen. In the present work, the Ab-FSH tagged HN-Fe-MIL-101/NicF electrode was first applied as an immunosensor for the recognition of FSH, electrochemically.

Decreased Circulating Melatonin with Loss of Age-Related Biphasic Change in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Melatonin, produced by the pineal gland, is known for its antioxidant, oncostatic, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, studies on serum melatonin levels in different cancer types have yielded conflicting results, and little is known about the clinical significance of serum melatonin in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the Southern Asian population. Therefore, we explored its role in OSCC in this study.

Reduced tissue and serum resistin expression as a clinical marker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignancies and leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying esophageal cancer progression and the development of clinical tools for effective diagnosis remain unclear. Resistin, which was originally identified as an adipose tissue-secretory factor, has been associated with obesity-related diseases, including certain types of cancer.

CD44 Promotes Lung Cancer Cell Metastasis through ERK-ZEB1 Signaling.

Lung cancer is a malignancy with high mortality worldwide, and metastasis occurs at a high frequency even when cancer spread is not detectable at primary operation. Cancer stemness plays an important role in malignant cancer behavior, treatment resistance, and cancer metastasis. Therefore, understanding the molecular pathogenesis behind cancer-stemness-mediated metastasis and developing effective approaches to prevent metastasis are key issues for improving cancer treatment.