Volatile organic compounds of camel milk and shubat across Kazakhstan's regions, seasons, and breeds.

Despite extensive research in recent years on camel milk composition and health benefits, limited scientific data exists on the volatile organic compound profiles of camel milk and its fermented product, . This study analyzed volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in raw camel milk and from six Kazakh farms across all seasons. We found that camel milk displayed higher concentrations of aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols with the main two compounds in milk being acetone and (2-Aziridinylethyl) amine.

The Main Features and Microbiota Diversity of Fermented Camel Milk.

Fermented camel milk, named in Central Asia, is historically and culturally important because it is mainly consumed by Kazakh people who live not only in Kazakhstan but also in close neighboring countries. However, despite its cultural and dietetic significance for this local population, research on its composition and processing technology and the richness of its microflora is relatively scarce. The present review of this product, which is an important beverage in the Kazakh culture, provides up-to-date information regarding its main components and their variability according to different factors, surveys recent changes in the processing technologies for making it using modern techniques, and explores the biodiversity of its microflora.

What are the challenges for implementing an "organic label" to camel milk?

Increasing demand for camel's milk worldwide occurred in the context of the development of the organic sector in agriculture. The implementation of an organic label for camel milk has never been established. However, the creation of such a label faces to important challenges that are investigated in the present paper.

Phenotypic biodiversity characterization of dromedary camels and hybrids in Kazakhstan.

Kazakhstan is one of the rare camel countries with rich camel biodiversity where different dromedary camels, Bactrian camels, and hybrid types are cohabiting at the same territories during centuries. Several data on phenotype biodiversity of local camels are available, mostly published during Soviet Union time using few body quantitative measurements. Unfortunately, those data are not sufficient to place the local breeds among the world camel population.