Association of lipid composition and unsaturated fatty acids of VLDL with atrial remodeling in metabolic syndrome.

Subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) commonly have atrial remodeling, which indicates a risk for atrial fibrillation. This study determined MetS-related changes in lipid components in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), which has been shown to cause atrial remodeling, the effect of statins on these changes, and the correlation between atrial remodeling and VLDL lipid compositions. Blood samples were collected from 12 non-MetS and 27 sex- and age-matched MetS subjects.

Interaction among dietary n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake, fatty acid desaturase 2 genetic variants, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in type 2 diabetes patients.

Aims/introduction: Fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genetic polymorphisms are strongly correlated with the risk of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we examined the impact of FADS1 and FADS2 genetic variants on plasma lipid status, and assessed interactions between FADS genetic polymorphisms and plasma n-3/n-6 fatty acids regarding lipid status within a population of 816 Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: Selected tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (FADS1 rs174546 [T/C]; FADS2 rs174602 [A/G] and rs2072114 [A/G]) were genotyped (n = 816).

Metformin use and cirrhotic decompensation in patients with type 2 diabetes and liver cirrhosis.

Aims: To compare the risks of all-cause mortality, hepatic outcomes, major adverse cardiovascular events between metformin users and nonusers for patients with diabetes and cirrhosis.

Methods: From the Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we selected propensity-score matched metformin users and nonusers from the cohorts of type 2 diabetes mellitus with compensated (n = 26 164) or decompensated liver cirrhosis (n = 15 056) between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2009, and followed them until 31 December 2010. Cox proportional hazards models with robust sandwich standard error estimates were used to assess risk of investigated outcomes for metformin users.

Disruption of retinoid homeostasis induces RBP4 overproduction in diabetes: O-GlcNAcylation involved.

Background: Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is elevated and associated with inflammation in metabolic diseases. Disruption of the retinol cascade and O-GlcNAcylation of the RBP4 receptor (STRA6) are found in diabetic kidneys.

Objectives: We investigated whether the disruption of the retinol cascade induces RBP4 overproduction and if O-linked GlcNAc modification targets RBPR2 and contributes to the disruption of retinol cascades in diabetic livers.

The role of postprandial very-low-density lipoprotein in the development of atrial remodeling in metabolic syndrome.

Background: Negatively charged very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-χ) in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients exerts cytotoxic effects on endothelial cells and atrial myocytes. Atrial cardiomyopathy, manifested by atrial remodeling with a dilated diameter, contributes to atrial fibrillation pathogenesis and predicts atrial fibrillation development. The correlation of VLDL-χ with atrial remodeling is unknown.

Increased APOE glycosylation plays a key role in the atherogenicity of L5 low-density lipoprotein.

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is heterogeneous, composed of particles with variable atherogenicity. Electronegative L5 LDL exhibits atherogenic properties in vitro and in vivo, and its levels are elevated in patients with increased cardiovascular risk. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) content is increased in L5, but what role APOE plays in L5 function remains unclear.

Blood biomarkers of various dietary patterns correlated with metabolic indicators in Taiwanese type 2 diabetes.

Background: Metabolic alterations correlate with adverse outcomes in type 2 diabetes. Dietary modification serves as an integral part in its treatment.

Objective: We examined the relationships among dietary patterns, dietary biomarkers, and metabolic indicators in type 2 diabetes ( = 871).

Electronegative low-density lipoprotein of patients with metabolic syndrome induces pathogenesis of aorta through disruption of the stimulated by retinoic acid 6 cascade.

Aims/introduction: Electronegative low-density lipoprotein (L5) is the most atherogenic fraction of low-density lipoprotein and is elevated in people with metabolic syndrome (MetS), whereas the retinol-binding protein 4 receptor (stimulated by retinoic acid 6 [STRA6]) cascade is disrupted in various organs of patients with obesity-related diseases. Our objective was to investigate whether L5 from MetS patients capably induces pathogenesis of aorta through disrupting the STRA6 cascade.

Material And Methods: We examined the in vivo and in vitro effects of L5 on the STRA6 cascade and aortic atherogenic markers.

Diabetes-related kidney, eye, and foot disease in Taiwan: An analysis of nationwide data from 2005 to 2014.

Background/purpose: Patients with diabetes have a higher risk of developing chronic complications and cause a huge burden to the public health care system as well as on patients and their families. We studied these diabetic complications about kidney, eye and peripheral vascular diseases to understand their prevalence and distributions in a national survey.

Methods: We analyzed diabetic complications using National-Health-Insurance claims filed from 2005 to 2014.

Hospitalization in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Taiwan: A nationwide population-based observational study.

Background/purpose: We investigated hospitalization rates of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and individuals without diabetes mellitus (non-DM) in a disease-specific manner from 2005 to 2014 in Taiwan.

Methods: This population-based study was conducted using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database. We analyzed the hospitalization rates of patients with and without T2DM.

Very Low-Density Lipoproteins of Metabolic Syndrome Modulates STIM1, Suppresses Store-Operated Calcium Entry, and Deranges Myofilament Proteins in Atrial Myocytes.

Individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are at high risk for atrial myopathy and atrial fibrillation. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) of MetS (MetS-VLDLs) are cytotoxic to atrial myocytes in vivo and in vitro. The calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) pathway, which is regulated by stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1)/ calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (Orai1)-mediated store-operated Ca entry (SOCE), is a pivotal mediator of adaptive cardiac hypertrophy.

GREATER LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL VARIABILITY INCREASES THE RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.

Variability in lipid levels has been associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) variability can be used to predict cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). A total of 5,354 patients with type 2 DM were enrolled in this study.

O-GlcNAcylation disrupts STRA6-retinol signals in kidneys of diabetes.

Background: O-GlcNAcylation is an important mechanism of diabetic complication. Retinoid homeostasis regulates cell-physiological functions through STRA6-retinol signaling. Therefore, we investigated whether O-GlcNAcylation disrupted STRA6-retinol signals in diabetes.

Severe Hypoglycemia as a Predictor of End-Stage Renal Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: A National Cohort Study.

This study investigated whether there is a link between severe hypoglycemia and progression into end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Tapping into Taiwan's Health Insurance Research Database, we identified all type 2 diabetes patients between 1996 and 2013 and identified those diagnosed with a severe hypoglycemia episode during an emergency department visit and those who were not. Controls were then matched 1:1 for age, sex, index year, and medication.

Successful management of type IV hypersensitivity reactions to human insulin analogue with injecting mixtures of biphasic insulin aspart and dexamethasone.

Although hypersensitivity reaction to insulin was supposed to be less-frequent with current insulin analogue, case reports with different types of allergic reactions to insulin analogue were still reported. The most common form is type I hypersensitivity reaction with IgE-mediated. Besides, type III (IgG and IgM-mediated) and type IV (T-cell mediated delayed reaction) hypersensitivity reactions were also reported.

Determinants for quality of life trajectory patterns in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify quality of life (QoL) trajectory patterns and the determinants in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods: A longitudinal design was employed. Totally, 466 patients with T2DM recruited from five diabetic clinics in Taiwan were participants of this study.

Cardiovascular Benefits of Acarbose vs Sulfonylureas in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin.

Context: Although α-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) have been shown to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction in patients with impaired glucose tolerance, the cardiovascular benefits of AGIs in those with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear.

Objective: We compared the clinical outcomes of adding acarbose vs sulfonylureas to metformin therapy in patients with T2D.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The study population was drawn from the database of the Diabetes Pay-for-Performance program in Taiwan.

Range of L5 LDL levels in healthy adults and L5's predictive power in patients with hyperlipidemia or coronary artery disease.

Electronegative L5 low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level may be a useful biomarker for predicting cardiovascular disease. We determined the range of plasma L5 levels in healthy adults (n = 35) and examined the power of L5 levels to differentiate patients with coronary artery disease (CAD; n = 40) or patients with hyperlipidemia (HLP) without evidence of CAD (n = 35) from healthy adults. The percent L5 in total LDL (L5%) was quantified by using fast-protein liquid chromatography with an anion-exchange column.

ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN TRIGLYCERIDE/HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL RATIO AND MICRO- AND MACROANGIOPATHIES IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.

Objective: The triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio has been reported to be a marker of insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between the TG/HDL-C ratio and micro- and macroangiopathies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: A total of 1,981 (851 male and 1,130 female) patients with type 2 DM were enrolled from our outpatient clinic.

Validity of a Short Food Frequency Questionnaire Assessing Macronutrient and Fiber Intakes in Patients of Han Chinese Descent with Type 2 Diabetes.

Few food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) have been developed to assess diet in diabetes patients. This cross-sectional study examined the validity of a 45-item FFQ assessing the intake of macronutrients against three 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDRs) in Taiwan, and compared vegetable and fruit intakes with carotenoid biomarkers. We recruited 126 adults with type 2 diabetes who completed the FFQ and three 24-HDRs administered by a registered dietitian.

Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Microvascular and Macrovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus.

Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is high. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MetS and micro- and macrovascular disease in patients with diabetes and the associated risk factors.

Methods: The study enrolled 1,986 (854 men and 1,132 women) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from outpatient clinics.

2018 consensus of the Taiwan Society of Cardiology and the Diabetes Association of Republic of China (Taiwan) on the pharmacological management of patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

The global incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes have been escalating in recent decades. Patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). About two-thirds of death in type 2 diabetes are due to ASCVD, including 40% from coronary heart disease (CHD), 15% from heart failure (HF), and 10% from stroke.

Effect of metformin on kidney function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and moderate chronic kidney disease.

Background: Impaired renal function can lead to the accumulation of metformin, and elevated concentrations of metformin have been associated with lactic acidosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of continuous metformin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD) (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 30-0 ml/min/1.73 m) on renal function.

Dietary patterns, dietary biomarkers, and kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: a repeated-measure study in Taiwan.

Background And Objectives: Western dietary patterns have been linked with kidney disease. This study investigated the association between Chinese dietary patterns and kidney disease in a Taiwanese population with type 2 diabetes and evaluated dietary fatty acid patterns, a kidney-related dietary biomarker.

Methods And Study Design: We recruited 838 patients with type 2 diabetes and used their dietary and renal data obtained from three repeated measures in 2008, 2009 and 2010.