Beer Potomania: A View on the Dynamic Process of Developing Hyponatremia.

Poor solute intake has been ascribed to hyponatremia seen in patients with beer potomania, an uncommon etiology of hyponatremia. Our current understanding of how hyponatremia develops in these patients is derived only from individual cases described in the literature. In these case reports, the pathophysiology of beer potomania is explained exclusively by the concept of solute-free water clearance in the kidney.

Pentoxifylline protects against loss of function and renal interstitial fibrosis in chronic experimental partial ureteral obstruction.

Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease resulting from diverse etiologies and predicts severity and progression of the kidney disease. To investigate the pathogenesis of TIF, complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is the most widely used animal model. However, UUO precludes evaluation of renal function.

Resin-Induced Colonic Pseudotumor: Rare Complication from Chronic Use of Potassium Binders in a Hemodialysis Patient.

Potassium-binding resins are widely used in the treatment of hyperkalemia, mostly in the acute setting. Gastrointestinal adverse events, although reported, are not frequently seen due to its short course of use. This report describes a case involving an end-stage renal disease patient on hemodialysis who developed a colonic mass after being on sodium polystyrene sulfonate chronically for persistent hyperkalemia.

Atorvastatin protects renal function in the rat with acute unilateral ureteral obstruction.

Objectives: To examine the effects of atorvastatin on renal hemodynamics and urinary microalbumin levels in rats with acute unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Previous studies have demonstrated that treatment with statins attenuated renal structural damages in rodents with chronic UUO. However, it is not known whether statins afford protection of renal function.

Atorvastatin ameliorates tubulointerstitial fibrosis and protects renal function in chronic partial ureteral obstruction cases.

Purpose: Tubulointerstitial fibrosis, the histological feature of chronic obstructive nephropathy, is delineated in complete unilateral ureteral obstruction models. Histological changes during chronic partial ureteral obstruction are not well studied. We describe changes in a rat model of partial ureteral obstruction.

Left ventricular geometry and renal function in hypertensive patients with diastolic heart failure.

Background: The objective is to define the relationship between cardiac geometry and renal function in hypertensive subjects with and without diastolic heart failure (DHF).

Methods: This is a prospective observational study in a tertiary-care teaching institute in a 15-month period of consecutive hospitalized hypertensive patients. Patients on dialysis therapy or with atrial fibrillation, systolic heart failure, gross proteinuria, and glomerular diseases were excluded.

Atorvastatin preserves renal function in chronic complete unilateral ureteral obstruction.

Purpose: The pleiotropic effects of hMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-metylglutaryl coenzyme A) reductase inhibitors may provide renal protection in chronic kidney disease. We examined whether atorvastatin administration preserved renal function in rats with chronic unilateral ureteral obstruction.

Materials And Methods: Renal clearance experiments were performed in sham operated rats and rats subjected to 3 or 12-day unilateral ureteral obstruction.

Risk factors for acute renal insufficiency induced by diuretics in patients with congestive heart failure.

Background: In patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), continuous diuretic therapy may result in acute renal insufficiency (ARI). This study examines factors contributing to this complication.

Methods: We analyzed clinical data from 318 consecutive patients who were hospitalized for CHF.

Calcium-sensing receptor gene polymorphism Arg990Gly and its possible effect on response to cinacalcet HCl.

Cinacalcet, a novel calcimimetic compound, is effective in reducing parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in approximately 70% of patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. However, interindividual variations in the dose required to achieve the treatment goal have been noted in clinical studies. Our investigation examined the genetic polymorphisms of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) gene as one possible cause of the different responses to cinacalcet.

Renal responses to atrial natriuretic peptide are preserved in bilateral ureteral obstruction and augmented by neutral endopeptidase inhibition.

Purpose: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) contributes to post-obstructive diuresis in bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO). In this study we examined the activity of neutral endopeptidase (NEP), an enzyme responsible for degradation of ANP, in the kidney in rats subjected to BUO for 24 hours.

Materials And Methods: Renal function was examined by the clearance method in sham operated rats and BUO rats after obstruction release.

Alterations of renal hemodynamics in unilateral ureteral obstruction mediated by activation of endothelin receptor subtypes.

Purpose: Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) for 21 hours causes severe renal vasoconstriction. We examined the role of endothelin (ET)-A receptor in renal hemodynamic alterations induced by UUO.

Materials And Methods: Hemodynamic and clearance experiments were performed in 3 groups of anesthetized dogs.

Regional expression of cyclooxygenase isoforms in the rat kidney in complete unilateral ureteral obstruction.

Purpose: The cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway is activated in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), contributing to renal hemodynamic alterations in different regions of the kidney. After the release of 24-hour UUO cortical vasoconstriction occurs but medullary hyperemia is seen. We examined the expression of the 2 COX isoforms COX-1 and COX-2 in different regions of the kidney in rats subjected to UUO.