DNA damage and biochemical responses in estuarine bivalve Donax incarnatus (Gmelin, 1791) exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of an organophosphate pesticide monocrotophos.

Monocrotophos (MCP) is a highly toxic and broad-spectrum pesticide extensively used for agricultural and household purposes. The present study was aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity and alterations in the biochemical and physiological conditions induced by monocrotophos in a non-target organism, an estuarine bivalve, Donax incarnatus. The bivalves were exposed to three sub-lethal concentrations (6.

Immuno-stimulatory effect and toxicology studies of salt pan bacteria as probiotics to combat shrimp diseases in aquaculture.

The shrimp aquaculture industry has experienced serious economic losses due to diseases caused by Vibrio species. The application of antibiotics to combat diseases has led to environmental hazards, antibiotic-resistance in pathogens and accumulation of antibiotics in tissues. This study explores the use of probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics.

Metal oxide nanoparticles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons alter nanoplastic's stability and toxicity to zebrafish.

Co-occurrence of nanoplastics (NPs) with metal oxide nanoparticles (nMOx) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been widely reported. However, there is a scarcity of information on their interactions and combined toxic effects. In this study, we used two different sized NPs [55 nm (NP1) and 100 nm (NP2)] to understand the effect of nMOx (nCuO and nZnO) and PAHs [chrysene (Chr) and fluoranthene (Flu)] on NPs' stability and toxicity to zebrafish.

Tellurite biotransformation and detoxification by Shewanella baltica with simultaneous synthesis of tellurium nanorods exhibiting photo-catalytic and anti-biofilm activity.

Tellurite reducing bacterial strain was isolated from Zuari estuary, Goa India which could tolerate 5.5 mM potassium tellurite with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 6 mM. This strain was designated as GUSDZ9 and was identified as Shewanella baltica (accession number: MF350629) based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and BLAST analysis.

The Backwater Clam (Meretrix casta) as a bioindicator species for monitoring the pollution of an estuarine environment by genotoxic agents.

The coast of Goa receives anthropogenic stress through its major rivers, which carry mining wastes, including iron and manganese ores from upstream mining sites, and petroleum hydrocarbons from shipping activities. These contaminants show seasonal variation in concentration and may be bioaccumulated by fauna inhabiting these waters. These fauna, including the bivalve molluscs, are particularly at risk due to these insults.

Native hypersaline sulphate reducing bacteria contributes to iron nanoparticle formation in saltpan sediment: A concern for aquaculture.

A hypersaline dissimilatory sulphate reducing bacterium, strain LS4, isolated from the sediments of Ribander saltpan, Goa, India was found to produce (FeO) maghemite nanoparticles. The presence of maghemite nanoparticles was also detected in the same sediment. Strain LS4 was isolated anaerobically on modified Hatchikian's media at 300 psu, growing optimally at 30 °C, 150 psu salinity and pH 7.

Evaluation of DNA damage induced by gamma radiation in gill and muscle tissues of Cyprinus carpio and their relative sensitivity.

The effect of radiation on the aquatic environment is of major concern in recent years. Limited data is available on the genotoxicity of gamma radiation on different tissues of aquatic organisms. Hence, the present investigation was carried out to study the DNA damage induced by gamma radiation in the gill and muscle tissues and their relative sensitivity using the comet assay in the freshwater teleost fish, common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

Effects of gamma radiation on the early developmental stages of Zebrafish (Danio rerio).

The zebrafish is gaining importance as a popular vertebrate model organism and is widely employed in ecotoxicological studies, especially for the biomonitoring of pollution in water bodies. There is limited data on the genetic mechanisms governing the adverse health effects in regards to an early developmental exposure to gamma radiation. In the present study zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to 1, 2.

Bioaccumulation of trace metals and total petroleum and genotoxicity responses in an edible fish population as indicators of marine pollution.

The present study reports the genetic damage and the concentrations of trace metals and total petroleum hydrocarbons prevailing in natural populations of an edible fish, Arius arius in different seasons along the coast of Goa, India as an indicator of the pollution status of coastal water. Fish were collected from a suspected polluted site and a reference site in the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Physico-chemical parameters as well as the concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and trace metals in the water and sediment as well as the tissues of fish collected from these sites were recorded.

On the existence of 'bis (L-glutamine) potassium nitrate' crystal.

The slow evaporation of an aqueous solution containing L-glutamine and potassium nitrate in 2:1 mol ratio results in the fractional crystallization of L-glutamine and not the formation of a so called bis (L-glutamine) potassium nitrate as reported recently by Hanumantharao and Kalainathan (2012).

Evaluation of γ-radiation-induced DNA damage in two species of bivalves and their relative sensitivity using comet assay.

Ionizing radiation is known to induce genetic damage in diverse groups of organisms. Under accidental situations, large quantities of radioactive elements get released into the environment and radiation emitted from these radionuclides may adversely affect both the man and the non-human biota. The present study is aimed (a) to know the genotoxic effect of gamma radiation on aquatic fauna employing two species of selected bivalves, (b) to evaluate the possible use of 'Comet assay' for detecting genetic damage in haemocytes of bivalves as a biomarker for environmental biomonitoring and also (c) to compare the relative sensitivity of two species of bivalves viz.

Evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationship between Auxis thazard and Auxis rochei inferred from COI sequences of mtDNA.

Tunas of the genus Auxis are cosmopolitan species and the smallest members of the tribe Thunnini, the true tunas. In the present study, COI sequences of mtDNA were employed to examine the evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationship between A. thazard and A.

Evaluation of the in vivo genotoxic effects of gamma radiation on the peripheral blood leukocytes of head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.

The present study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic effects of ionizing radiation on non-target cells of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) patients exposed to various cumulative doses of gamma rays during radiotherapy. The ten patients (P1-P10) were treated with cobalt 60 gamma radiation (External Beam Radiotherapy) for a period of five to six weeks with a daily fraction of 2Gy for 5 days each week. The genotoxic effects of radiation (single strand breaks - SSBs) in these patients were analyzed using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) technique, with the Olive Tail Moment (OTM) as the critical parameter.

Diet composition and quality in indian bison (Bos gaurus) based on fecal analysis.

Diet composition and quality of the Indian Bison (Bos gaurus) was estimated by fecal analysis. The results, together with studies in other parts of India, indicate that gaurs are primarily intermediate or adaptable mixed feeders. Fecal composition varied seasonally, with high proportion of grasses, forbs, and woody plant leaves, particularly Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus in monsoon and post monsoon, and Strobilanthes callosus, Strobilanthes ixiocephalus, Grewia tiliaefolia and Syzygium cumini in winter and summer.

Genotoxic effects of monocrotophos, an organophosphorous pesticide, on an estuarine bivalve, Meretrix ovum.

Genotoxicity studies evaluate the effects of pollutants on organisms and consequently, their implications on human health. Meretrix ovum was exposed to different concentrations of monocrotophos, viz. 5.

Genotoxicity of lynoral (ethinyloestradiol, an oestrogen) in mouse bone marrow cells, in vivo.

The genotoxic effect of Lynoral (ethinyloestradiol, an oestrogen) was studied using mouse bone marrow cells treated in vivo, employing a chromosomal aberration assay and micronucleus test. The dose and time-yield effects of the sex hormonal drug were investigated. Lynoral failed to induce significant genetic damage in the bone marrow erythrocytes of mice, regarding chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei.

Progestin (norethisterone)-induced genetic damage in mouse bone marrow.

Primolut-N tablets containing norethisterone were assessed for their in vivo genotoxic effect on the bone marrow cells of Swiss albino mice. The chromosomal aberration assay and the micronucleus test were employed for the study. Statistically significant increases in chromosomal aberrations were induced by doses > or = 3.

Genotoxic effect of Anovlar 21, an oral contraceptive, on mouse bone marrow.

Anovlar 21, a combination drug containing the oestrogen ethinyloestradiol and the progestin norethisterone acetate, was studied for its in vivo genotoxic effect on the bone marrow cells of Swiss albino mice. The chromosomal aberration assay and the micronucleus test were employed for the study. 0.