Effect of Multimodal Prehabilitation on Muscle Mass in Rectal Cancer Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Treatment.

Colorectal cancer is the second most prevalent type of cancer in the world. Surgical complications occur in up to 50% of patients which results in increased morbidity, mortality, and poor health-related quality of life. The negative impact on survival and physical function is exacerbated in those receiving neoadjuvant treatment.

Total ablative stereotactic body radiotherapy to primary and oligometastatic renal cell carcinoma in medically inoperable cases: An institutional analysis.

Introduction: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has been found to be an effective and safe modality with excellent oncological outcome in medically inoperable primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and oligometastases. There is scarcity of data on the synchronous delivery of SBRT to primary and oligometastatic RCC in patients unfit for nephrectomy. Here, we report the findings of a retrospective study of prospectively collected data on "total ablative SBRT.

Commissioning and Dosimetric Results of an Indigenously Developed Intra-Vaginal Template for Interstitial Plus Intracavitary High dose Rate Image-Guided Brachytherapy of Advanced Cervix Cancer.

Aim: The goal of this study is to discuss the commissioning and dosimetric parameters achieved during the clinical implementation of an indigenously developed intracavitary (IC) plus interstitial (IS) template for high dose rate (HDR) image-guided brachytherapy (IGBT) in cancer (Ca) cervix. We want to discuss our achieved values of cumulative equi-effective doses (EQD2) for high-risk clinical target volume (HRCTV) and organ at risk (OAR) and compare it with available published results.

Materials And Methods: Medanta anterior oblique/lateral oblique template has a total of 19 needles including the central tandem.

Diagrammatic Approach to Delineate Phrenic Nerve in Central Lung Tumors.

Incremental use of high-dose radiation therapy (RT) with SABR in thoracic tumors has led to identification of many unusual toxicities (chest wall pain, rib fractures, vascular perforation, brachial plexopathy) and consequently additional organs at risk (OARs; chest wall, ribs, bronchial wall, carotid artery, brachial plexus). Phrenic nerve is another structure that may be affected at any point during its long course from origin until end, although symptomatic toxicities have been reported rarely in the setting of reirradiation, large-volume irradiation such as mantle field, or SABR. We undertook a prospective study to describe the delineation of phrenic nerve course on RT planning computed tomography scan as an OAR.

Nidus delineation and dosimetric comparison in arteriovenous malformation in stereotactic radiosurgery by using MRI and 3DCT angiography.

Purpose/objectives: Accurate delineation of target is key to any successful radiosurgery. C-arm Dyna CT/ 3DCT angiography (3DCTA) has the potential of improving the accuracy of nidus delineation in intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVM) due to high temporo-spatial resolution of vessel architecture. Here, we present a comparison of nidus delineation and dosimetric parameters between digital 3DCTA and MRI.

CyberKnife Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy for Recurrent or Oligometastatic Gynecological Cancers.

Use of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic lesions from a primary gynecologic cancer is a relatively new concept. The present study aims to assess the safety, efficacy, and possible toxicity profile of CyberKnife SABR, recurrent or metastatic disease. CyberKnife VSI-based SABR was offered to 20 oligometastatic/recurrent gynecological cancer patients between 2013 and 2019.

Dosimetric Comparison of Robotic and Linear Accelerator Multi-Leaf Collimator-Based Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Arteriovenous Malformation.

Purpose: To investigate the dosimetric comparison of different collimators which are used in robotic radiosurgery (cyberknife-CK) and linear accelerator (LINAC) for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in arteriovenous malformation (AVM).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five AVM patients were planned in CK using FIXED cone, IRIS collimator, and multi-leaf collimator (MLC) based in LINAC. Dosimetric comparison was performed using Paddick conformity index (CI) and International Commission on Radiation Units and measurements (ICRU) homogeneity index (HI), gradient score (GS), normal brain dose received by 10cc (D) and critical structure (brain stem, optic chiasma, optic nerves) doses.

Artificial intelligence in brachytherapy: a summary of recent developments.

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications, in the form of machine learning and deep learning, are being incorporated into practice in various aspects of medicine, including radiation oncology. Ample evidence from recent publications explores its utility and future use in external beam radiotherapy. However, the discussion on its role in brachytherapy is sparse.

Use of ultrasound in image-guided high-dose-rate brachytherapy: enumerations and arguments.

Inherently, brachytherapy is the most conformal radiotherapeutic technique. As an aid to brachytherapy, ultrasonography (USG) serves as a portable, inexpensive, and simple to use method allowing for accurate, reproducible, and adaptive treatments. Some newer brachytherapy planning systems have incorporated USG as the sole imaging modality.

Quantification of coronary artery motion and internal risk volume from ECG gated radiotherapy planning scans.

Background: Radiotherapy for carcinoma of breast and thoracic structures involves inadvertent radiation to heart and coronary arteries (CA). Coronary artery stenosis in high radiation dose segments has been documented. Cardiac and respiratory motion induced displacement of CA and internal risk volume (IRV) margin remains inadequately quantified.

Dosimetric comparison between Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) vs Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) for radiotherapy of mid esophageal carcinoma.

Aims: Dosimetric comparison of VMAT with IMRT in middle third esophageal cancer for planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OAR).

Materials And Methods: Ten patients in various stages from I‒III were inducted in the neo-adjuvant chemoradiation protocol for this study. The prescribed dose was 4500 cGy in 25 fractions.

Chemoradiation in elderly patients with head and neck cancers: a single institution experience.

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of concurrent chemoradiation in patients with head and neck cancers aged 65 and older.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two elderly patients were treated with radical chemoradiation. Twenty-six (81.

Incidental radiation to axilla in early breast cancer treated with intensity modulated tangents and comparison with conventional and 3D conformal tangents.

Purpose: To analyze incidental radiation doses to minimally dissected axilla with Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and standard tangents (ST).

Methods & Materials: We prospectively evaluated incidental radiation to axilla in fifty cases of early breast cancer treated with breast conservation surgery with sentinel node biopsy alone followed by whole breast irradiation with IMRT. Three plans were devised for each CT dataset, comprising ST, 3DCRT and IMRT tangents.

Malignant obstructive jaundice - brachytherapy as a tool for palliation.

Purpose: Malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ) is relieved by stenting via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and biliary drainage (PTCD). Stent occlusion rates of 30-45% have been reported in literature due to tumor ingrowth or overgrowth. We prospectively evaluated the feasibility and the role of intraluminal brachytherapy (ILBT) in preventing stent blockage in patients with MOJ after PTCD and stenting.

Frame-based radiosurgery: Is it relevant in the era of IGRT?

Purpose: To assess the setup errors and intrafraction motion in patients treated with frame-based and frameless stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).

Materials And Methods: Ten patients treated with frame-based and six patients treated with frameless radiosurgery were prospectively enrolled in the study. Leksell frame was used for frame-based and a customized uniframe orfit cast for frameless techniques.

Deep vein and artery thrombosis associated with cetuximab-based chemoradiotherapy.

Molecular targeted agents have lower hematological toxicity. However, specific side-effects such as allergic rashes, skin reactions and high cost limit their use. We report a case of 35-year-old male patient with carcinoma of left tonsil treated with concurrent cetuximab and radiotherapy.

Synchronous malignant vagal paraganglioma with contralateral carotid body paraganglioma treated by radiation therapy.

Paragangliomas are rare tumors and very few cases of malignant vagal paraganglioma with synchronous carotid body paraganglioma have been reported. We report a case of a 20-year old male who presented with slow growing bilateral neck masses of eight years duration. He had symptoms of dysphagia to solids, occasional mouth breathing and hoarseness of voice.

Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma neck with occult primary: A retrospective analysis.

Introduction: Metastatic carcinoma in the lymph nodes of the neck from an unknown primary is relatively rare, accounting for about 3% of all head and neck cancers. Management of secondary neck of undetermined primary is controversial.

Materials And Methods: The case records of all the patients treated in the Department of Radiotherapy, Chatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University, from Oct 1999 to Sep 2004, were studied and the patients with secondary neck without a known primary tumor were analyzed in detail to elucidate the outcome of various treatment modalities in various stages of the disease.

Circadian variation in radiation-induced intestinal mucositis in patients with cervical carcinoma.

Background: Mucositis, a radiotherapy-associated toxicity, is an important factor determining morbidity and treatment compliance. Gastrointestinal mucositis in patients undergoing radiotherapy may also depend on time of administration of radiation in addition to several other factors. The presence of any correlation between the severity of acute gastrointestinal mucositis in cervical carcinoma patients and the time of irradiation was prospectively evaluated.

Oral mucositis in morning vs. evening irradiated patients: a randomised prospective study.

Purpose: Patients of head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy develop oral mucositis. The severity of mucositis may also depend on the time of administration of radiation apart from patient-related factors. The most radiosensitive phase of the cell cycle (G2-M) occurs in the late afternoon and evening in human oral mucosa; therefore, it is more vulnerable to radiation injury in the evening.

A prospective comparision of sequential chemoradiation vs concurrent chemoradiation in locally advanced oropharyngeal carcinomas.

Purpose: Induction chemotherapy has shown to provide consistent benefit for local control in primary treatment of advanced oropharyngeal cancer. The beneficial role of chemoradiation following induction chemotherapy over concurrent chemoradiation has not been evaluated. Present study evaluates the same prospectively.