Publications by authors named "Shyam S Manraj"
In sub-Saharan Africa, colorectal cancer (CRC) has historically been considered a rare disease, although some previous studies have suggested that the incidence is increasing. We examine time trends in the incidence of CRC using data from 12 population-based cancer registries in 11 countries of sub-Saharan Africa that were able to provide time series data for periods of 12 or more years, or with earlier data with which recent rates may be compared. Age-standardized incidence rates were highest in the higher-income countries, and were increasing in all of the populations studied, and these increases were statistically significant in all but three.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOvarian cancer (OC) is the fourth most common cancer of women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), although few data have been published on population-level survival. We estimate ovarian cancer survival in SSA by human development index and histological subtype, using data from seven population-based cancer registries in six countries: Kenya (Nairobi and Eldoret), Mauritius, Uganda (Kampala), Cote d'Ivoire (Abidjan), Ethiopia (Addis Ababa) and South Africa (Eastern Cape). A total of 644 cases diagnosed during 2008-2014 were included, with 77% being of epithelial subtypes (range 47% [Abidjan]-80% [Mauritius]).
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- The study aims to quantify the global and national incidence of lung cancer subtypes across 185 countries, focusing on adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small-cell carcinoma, and large-cell carcinoma.
- In 2020, there were approximately 2.2 million new lung cancer cases worldwide, with a higher incidence of adenocarcinoma in both males (39%) and females (57%), reflecting a significant subtype distribution by sex.
- Age-standardized incidence rates revealed that adenocarcinoma was the most prevalent subtype globally, outnumbering squamous cell carcinoma in most countries, especially among males.
The low overall survival rates of patients with breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are driven by regionally differing tumor biology, advanced tumor stages at diagnosis, and limited access to therapy. However, it is not known whether regional differences in the composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) exist and affect patients' prognosis. In this international, multicentre cohort study, 1,237 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast cancer samples, including samples of the "African Breast Cancer-Disparities in Outcomes (ABC-DO) Study," were analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOvarian cancer (OC) is one of the commonest cancers of women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), although to date no data have been available on time trends in incidence to better understand the disease pattern in the region. We estimate time trends by histological subtype from 12 population-based cancer registries in 11 countries: Kenya (Nairobi), Mauritius, Seychelles, Uganda (Kampala), Congo (Brazzaville), Zimbabwe (Bulawayo and Harare), Cote d'Ivoire (Abidjan), The Gambia, Mali (Bamako), Nigeria (Ibadan) and South Africa (Eastern Cape). The selected registries were those that could provide consistent estimates of the incidence of ovarian cancer and with quality assessment for periods of 10 or more years.
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- The study aimed to assess the survival rates of prostate cancer patients in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and how factors like age, disease stage, and the Human Development Index (HDI) impact these rates.
- A sample of 1,752 prostate cancer cases from 12 registries was analyzed, revealing that 45.2% presented with advanced stage IV disease and the overall 1 and 5-year relative survival rates were 78.0% and 60.0%, respectively.
- Findings indicate that late-stage diagnosis significantly contributes to poorer survival outcomes, highlighting the need for healthcare improvements and public awareness efforts to facilitate earlier detection.
There are limited population-based survival data for colorectal cancer (CRC) in sub-Saharan Africa. Here, 1707 persons diagnosed with CRC from 2005 to 2015 were randomly selected from 13 population-based cancer registries operating in 11 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Vital status was ascertained from medical charts or through next of kin.
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- Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in sub-Saharan Africa, with increasing incidence and mortality rates observed in the region.
- An analysis of over 13,000 cases from 12 cancer registries showed significant increases in cancer risk and age-standardized incidence rates across most registries, particularly in Seychelles and Harare, Zimbabwe.
- This study highlights the rising rates of prostate cancer in sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting that factors like improved healthcare access and wider use of screening contribute to this trend, contrasting with global observations.
Article Synopsis
- Cervical cancer is a major health issue in sub-Saharan Africa, being the second most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women.
- An analysis of 10 cancer registries from eight countries showed that cervical cancer incidence has generally increased over the years, with Blantyre in Malawi presenting the highest annual increase at 7.9%.
- The findings emphasize the urgent need for effective prevention efforts, such as HPV vaccination and widespread screening, along with ongoing monitoring through cancer registries.
Epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea and diversity of rotavirus strains among children less than 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis in Mauritius: June 2008 to December 2010.
Pediatr Infect Dis J
January 2014
Background: Rotavirus is an important etiologic agent of diarrhea worldwide and ongoing surveillance is essential to monitor strain diversity. To describe the epidemiology of rotavirus disease and circulating rotavirus strains in Mauritius, surveillance for rotavirus diarrhea was conducted at 2 regional hospitals from June 2008 through December 2010.
Methods: A total of 787 fecal samples from children <5 years of age admitted to the pediatric ward with acute gastroenteritis was collected within 48 hours of hospitalization and analyzed for group A rotavirus.
Dengue reemerged in Mauritius in 2009 after an absence of >30 years, and >200 cases were confirmed serologically. Molecular studies showed that the outbreak was caused by dengue virus type 2. Phylogenetic analysis of the envelope gene identified 2 clades of the virus.
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