Efflux pumps: gatekeepers of antibiotic resistance in biofilms.

, a versatile human pathogen, poses a significant challenge in healthcare settings due to its ability to develop antibiotic resistance and form robust biofilms. Understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying the antibiotic resistance is crucial for effective infection treatment and control. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted roles of efflux pumps in , with a focus on their contribution to antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation.

HPV DNA status and clinical history of patients are supplements for accurate reporting of the cytological Pap smear.

The present study was aimed at showing the importance of HPV DNA status and the clinical history of the patients required by the cytologist for accurate reporting. A total of 1250 symptomatic women who attended the gynaecology outpatient department of the Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Nalanda Medical College, Patna, for pap smear examinations were screened and recruited for the study. Due to highly clinical symptoms out of the negative with inflammatory smears reported, one hundred and ten patients were randomly advised for biopsy and HPV 16/18 DNA analysis by a gynaecologist to correlate negative smears included in the study.

Evaluation of chalcone derivatives for their role as antiparasitic and neuroprotectant in experimentally induced cerebral malaria mouse model.

Unlabelled: Cerebral malaria is a severe complication of infection with a complex pathophysiology. The current course of treatment is ineffective in lowering mortality or post-treatment side effects such as neurological and cognitive abnormalities. Chalcones are enormously distributed in spices, fruits, vegetables, tea, and soy-based foodstuffs that are well known for their antimalarial activity, and in recent years they have been widely explored for brain diseases like Alzheimer's disease.

Investigating the novel-binding site of RPA2 on Menin and predicting the effect of point mutation of Menin through protein-protein interactions.

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play a critical role in all biological processes. Menin is tumor suppressor protein, mutated in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome and has been shown to interact with multiple transcription factors including (RPA2) subunit of replication protein A (RPA). RPA2, heterotrimeric protein required for DNA repair, recombination and replication.

Benefits of Manuka Honey in the Management of Infectious Diseases: Recent Advances and Prospects.

The benefits of honey have been recognized since ancient times for treating numerous diseases. However, in today's modern era, the use of traditional remedies has been rapidly diminishing due to the complexities of modern lifestyles. While antibiotics are commonly used and effective in treating pathogenic infections, their inappropriate use can lead to the development of resistance among microorganisms, resulting in their widespread prevalence.

A comparative study of 10% lidocaine spray versus eutectic mixture of 2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine (EMLA) to attenuate pain of peripheral venous cannulation in children: A prospective randomized control trial at a tertiary care centre.

Background And Aims: Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) (2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine) cream is the commonly used topical anesthetic for painful intradermal procedures.

Antimalarial and immunomodulatory potential of chalcone derivatives in experimental model of malaria.

Background: Malaria is a complex issue due to the availability of few therapies and chemical families against Plasmodium and mosquitoes. There is increasing resistance to various drugs and insecticides in Plasmodium and in the vector. Additionally, human behaviors are responsible for promoting resistance as well as increasing the risk of exposure to infections.

Therapeutic Journey and Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives.

Background: Coumarin is an oxygen-containing compound in medicinal chemistry. Coumarin plays an important role in both natural systems like plants and synthetic medicinal applications as drug molecules. Many structurally different coumarin compounds have been found to possess a wide range of similarities with the vital molecular targets in terms of their pharmacological action and small modifications in their structures, resulting in significant changes in their biological activities.

A Review on Coumarin Derivatives as Potent Anti-tuberculosis Agents.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an acute or chronic infectious disease caused by several species of Mycobacterium, collectively called tubercle bacilli or Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Around 10 million people get sick with tuberculosis (TB) each year. TB is the second leading cause of death today after HIV/AIDS.

Pharmacokinetic evaluation of Chalcone derivatives with antimalarial activity in New Zealand White Rabbits.

Objective: Malaria is a major global health concern with the urgent need for new treatment alternatives due to the alarming increase of drug-resistant Plasmodium strains. Chalcones and its derivatives are important pharmacophores showing antimalarial activity. Determination of the pharmacokinetic variables at the preliminary step of drug development for any drug candidates is an essential component of in vivo antimalarial efficacy tests.

L-cysteine whether a nutritional booster or a radical scavenger for .

Introduction: is the most noxious species among other species that cause malaria. Attention is required to understand more about the pathophysiology and parasite biology to obscure this disease. The fact is, very little is known about the nutritional requirement in sense of carbohydrate, lipid, nucleic acid, and amino acid metabolism that regulate the growth of parasite and out of this, studies related to the metabolism of amino acid are exceptionally limited.

Evaluation of the effect of probiotic as add-on therapy with conventional therapy and alone in malaria induced mice.

Objective: Chloroquine is used as a conventional drug therapy for the treatment of malaria. The existence of resistance to chloroquine shown among various species of Plasmodium leads to the search for more efficacious therapy to treat malaria. Probiotic (Lactobacillus casei) has been tried as an add-on therapy with chloroquine.

Transient Neurological Dysfunction and Intracranial Hypertension After Tourniquet Deflation in a Patient With a Head Injury: A Case Report.

A tourniquet is used during surgery to produce a bloodless surgical field and decrease intraoperative blood loss. Although useful, tourniquets are associated with various physiological alterations both during inflation and deflation phases which may be poorly tolerated in compromised patients. We report a case of transient neurological dysfunction and intracranial hypertension after tourniquet deflation in a 15-year-old patient with a head injury.

Potential of pyrroquinazoline alkaloids from Nees. as inhibitors of 5-LOX - a computational and an study.

Inflammation plays a major role in the onset and progression of many diseases related to the respiratory system. Cysteinyl leukotrienes, the products of 5-LOX are a potent bronchoconstrictor. Vasicine, vasicinone and deoxyvasicine are the pyrroquinazoline alkaloids of that are well known for their bronchodilatory activity.

Association of ACE2 receptor and ACEIs/ARBs with disease severity in COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is found to be associated with various comorbidities which include cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes. The impaired regulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) has been seen in COVID-19 patients, but whether RAAS inhibitors, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs), are responsible for worsening of clinical conditions remains unknown. Herein, we review the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression in disease progression, its association with comorbidities and COVID-19, and summarize the clinical evidence for several potential directions for future research work on ACEIs/ARBs in COVID-19 patients.

Ultrastructural alterations in Plasmodium falciparum induced by chalcone derivatives.

Objective: Chalcones (1, 3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones) and their derivatives are widely explored from the past decade for its antimalarial activity. To elucidate their mechanism of action on the malaria parasite, the ultrastructural changes with the action of these derivatives in different organelles of the parasite were studied in vitro. Infected RBCs [CQ sensitive (MRC-2) and CQ resistant (RKL-9) Plasmodium strain] were treated with three chalcone derivatives 1, 2 and 3 and standard drugs, i.

Drug targets for corona virus: A systematic review.

The 2019-novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a major source of disaster in the 21 century. However, the lack of specific drugs to prevent/treat an attack is a major need at this current point of time. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review to identify major druggable targets in coronavirus (CoV).

In vitro anti-malarial efficacy of chalcones: cytotoxicity profile, mechanism of action and their effect on erythrocytes.

Background: Malaria extensively leads to mortality and morbidity in endemic regions, and the emergence of drug resistant parasites is alarming. Plant derived synthetic pharmaceutical compounds are found to be a foremost research to obtain diverse range of potent leads. Amongst them, the chalcone scaffold is a functional template for drug discovery.

Chalcone-Thiazole Hybrids: Rational Design, Synthesis, and Lead Identification against 5-Lipoxygenase.

A hybrid pharmacophore approach is used to design and synthesize novel chalcone-thiazole hybrid molecules. Herein, thiazole has been hybridized with chalcone to obtain a new class of 5-LOX inhibitors. biological evaluation showed that most of the compounds were better 5-LOX inhibitors than the positive control, Zileuton (IC = 1.

5-Lipoxygenase as a drug target: A review on trends in inhibitors structural design, SAR and mechanism based approach.

The most common inflammatory disease of the airways is asthma among children affecting around 235 million people worldwide. 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is a crucial enzyme which helps in the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) to leukotrienes (LTs), the lipid mediators. It is associated with several inflammation related disorders such as asthma, allergy, and atherosclerosis.

Design, synthesis and identification of novel coumaperine derivatives for inhibition of human 5-LOX: Antioxidant, pseudoperoxidase and docking studies.

5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes, leading to asthma. Developing potent 5-LOX inhibitors especially, natural product based ones, are highly attractive. Coumaperine, a natural product found in white pepper and its derivatives were herein developed as 5-LOX inhibitors.

A strategic approach to the synthesis of ferrocene appended chalcone linked triazole allied organosilatranes: Antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antioxidant studies.

A series of ferrocene appended chalcone allied triazole coupled organosilatranes (FCTSa 7-FCTSa 12) were synthesised with the aim of amalgamating the pharmacological action of the constituting moieties into a single molecular scaffold. All the synthesised silatranes were well characterized by various spectroscopic techniques like IR, H NMR, C NMR and elemental analysis. Organosilatranes were then evaluated for their biological alacrity against bacterial and fungal strains compared with the standard drugs Rifampicin and Amphotericin B respectively.