The association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms within type 1 interferon pathway genes and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral load in antiretroviral-naïve participants.

Background: Human genetic contribution to HIV progression remains inadequately explained. The type 1 interferon (IFN) pathway is important for host control of HIV and variation in type 1 IFN genes may contribute to disease progression. This study assessed the impact of variations at the gene and pathway level of type 1 IFN on HIV-1 viral load (VL).

Structure-rheology relationship in monoolein liquid crystals.

Hypotheses: Monoolein liquid crystals find use in foods and pharmaceuticals. Our hypotheses were: (a) liquid crystal symmetry dominates yielding and large deformation, and (b) strain rate frequency superposition (SRFS) may be used to determine mesophase long and short relaxation times.

Experiments: Liquid crystal microstructure and rheology were characterised as a function of temperature and composition.