Transformation of m-aminophenol by birnessite (δ-MnO) mediated oxidative processes: Reaction kinetics, pathways and toxicity assessment.

The m-aminophenol (m-AP) is a widely used industrial chemical, which enters water, soils, and sediments with waste emissions. A common soil metal oxide, birnessite (δ-MnO), was found to mediate the transformation of m-AP with fast rates under acidic conditions. Because of the highly complexity of the m-AP transformation, mechanism-based models were taken to fit the transformation kinetic process of m-AP.